کاربست معیارهای ترجیحات محیطی در ارزیابی کیفی فضای شهری، با تأکید بر مفهوم حس مکان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار دانشکدة شهرسازی، پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

در ذیل مفهوم ترجیحات محیطی متأثر از رویکرد «شناختی» در روان‌شناسی محیطی، چارچوب‌ها و معیارهایی عام برای تحلیل میزان مرجح بودن فضا در قضاوت افراد پیشنهاد شده است. در این معیارها بر کیفیت‌های محیط مطلوب تأکید می‌شود؛ اما در رویکرد «پدیدارشناختی» در روان‌شناسی محیطی بیشترین اهمیت را به تجربة واقعی و زیستة فرد و احساس‌ها و تفاسیر و انتظارات وی از یک مکان خاص می‌دهند. در این پژوهش با تکیه بر معیارهای سنجش ترجیحات محیطی از یک سو، و مفهوم حس مکان از سوی دیگر، کاربست معیارها و مفاهیم مزبور در ارزیابی کیفی یک فضای شهری به آزمون گذارده می‌شود. برای این منظور، ارزیابی مطلوبیت خیابان قدس برای دانشجویان دانشگاه تهران مبنای این آزمون قرار گرفته است. مطالعات میدانی این پژوهش در دو مرحلة اصلی بررسی و با هم مقایسه شده است: نخست بر اساس معیارهای ترجیحات محیطی، خیابان قدس توسط متخصصان آموزش‌دیده، شامل 20 دانشجوی طراحی شهری، ارزیابی شد. در مرحلة دوم، از طریق مصاحبه به روش «با هم پیمودن»، حس مکان 25 دانشجوی دانشگاه تهران مطالعه شد. تحلیل مصاحبه‌ها به روش تحلیل کیفی محتوا انجام شده است. مقایسة یافته‌های این دو مرحله نشان می‌دهد که به کمک مفهوم حس مکان می‌توان چارچوب ارزیابی متخصص از میزان مرجح بودن یک فضای شهری را تدقیق کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Application of Environmental Preferences Criteria in Public Space Assessment, with an Emphasis on the Sense of Place

نویسنده [English]

  • Shamin Golrokh
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Urban Planning, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

Influenced by cognitive approach in environmental psychology, the concept of environmental preferences proposes frameworks and general criteria to analyse the preferability of the space in people’s judgement. These criteria refer to qualities of desirable environments. However, the phenomenological approach asserts real, lived experience of an individual and his or her expectations and interpretations as the most important. The present research examines these criteria and concepts in an urban space, using environmental preferences measurement criteria on one hand, and the concept of the sense of place on the other. To do so, the assessment of Quds Street’s desirability for the University of Tehran students has been used as the basis. Field studies have been conducted in two stages and compared with each other. In the first stage Quds Street was assessed by a group of 20 trained urban design students, based on environmental preferences criteria. In the second, a series of interviews were conducted using ‘go-along with’ method, to study the sense of place in 25 students from the University of Tehran. Interviews were then analysed using qualitative content analysis. A comparison between the findings of the above two stages shows that the concept of the sense of place can help experts accurately find how preferable an urban space is.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Urban space
  • Environmental preferences
  • sense of place
  • Qualitative content analysis
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