تأثیر ابهام و تشابه ساختاری محرک بصری در خلاقیت طراحی دانشجویان طرح یک معماری

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مربى دانشکدة هنر و معمارى صبا، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

2 استادیار دانشکدة معمارى و شهرسازى، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان

3 استادیار دانشکدة هنر و معمارى صبا، دانشگاه شهید باهنر

چکیده

فرایند طراحی مداخلۀ مداوم در تصاویر با هدف دستیابی به ایده­ های خلاق است. این موضوع باعث شده تا در آموزش معماری تصاویر به مثابۀ محرک بصری برای ارتقای خلاقیت دانشجویان استفاده شوند. این اتفاق نظر هست که دانشجویان نباید مستقیماً از محرک بصری برای ایدۀ طراحی استفاده کنند، در این صورت دو ویژگی می‌تواند مؤثر باشد، ابهام محرک و تشابه ساختاری آن با مسئلۀ طراحی. چرا که این دو ویژگی باعث می‌شود تا نتوان برداشت سطحی از محرک بصری داشت. در این مقاله اثر این دو ویژگی در خلاقیت دانشجویان بررسی می‌شود. مقایسۀ این دو موضوع مشخص خواهد کرد کدام‌یک از آن‌ها در افزایش خلاقیت مؤثرتر است. بر این مبنا در این پژوهش محرک مبهم و واضح را دانشجویان تجربه می‌کنند. آن‌ها همچنین تصاویری با تشابه ساختاری و  نیز سطحی را تجربه می‌کنند. برای بررسی تأثیر هر نوع از محرک بصری بر خلاقیت دانشجویان از روش تحلیل واریانس استفاده می‌شود. خلاقیت طراحی آنان بر مبنای دو عامل «ابتکار» و «تحقق ­پذیری» سنجش می‌شود. نتایج حاکی از آن است که تشابه ساختاری تأثیر چندانی در عامل ابتکار ندارد؛ اما ابهام تصویر در خلاقیت از طریق افزایش عامل ابتکار اثر می‌گذارد. هیچ‌کدام از انواع محرک بصری در عامل تحقق­ پذیری مؤثر نیستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Visual Stimuli Impacts on Students’ Creativity

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Ali Ashraf Ganjouei 1
  • Moahmoud Reza Saghafi 2
  • Mohammad Iranmanesh 3
1 Lecturer, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Isfahan University of Art
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Isfahan University of Art
3 Assistant Professor, Saba Faculty of Art and Architecture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman
چکیده [English]

Design could be defined as an iterative process of manipulating graphical representations to generate creative ideas. As such, a graphical representation plays the role of visual stimulus for creativity in architectural education. Nonetheless, as an accepted convention in architectural education, students are expected to not directly utilize such graphics as their design concept. Therefore, graphical representations can stimulate design creativity in either of the two roles: their ambiguity or their structural similarity to the given design problem. This paper examines the effectiveness of graphical representations in each of these two roles. To this end, undergraduate students were asked to design a building in response to shown graphical representations with direct similarity, structural similarity or ambiguousness. Three different lecturers then assessed the resulting designs in terms of their originality and feasibility. The analysis of variances for these assessments demonstrated that structural similarity has no meaningful impact on stimulating originality. Conversely, ambiguousness could be useful in generating new ideas. None of the visual stimuli influenced feasibility of design solutions, however.

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 11 آذر 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 08 بهمن 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 11 دی 1399

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