هستی‌شناسی قید در فرایند طراحی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری دانشکدة معمارى، دانشکدگان هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران

2 استادیار دانشکدۀ معمارى، دانشکدگان هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

امروزه علی‌رغم فرصت برخورداری از داشته‌ها و گزینه‌های انتخابی بیشتر در مقایسه با گذشته، امکان تجربۀ همۀ این گزینه‌ها، به‌دلیل محدود بودن زمان، وجود ندارد. این تعارض در حرفۀ طراحی، به‌دلیل ماهیت مسائل این حرفه، که در دستۀ مسائل با دامنۀ باز قرار می‌گیرند و نیاز به خلق حداکثری ارزش‌های زیبایی‌شناسی دارند، بیشتر دیده می‌شود. به‌صورتی‌که تعریف طراحی با واژۀ قیود، به معنی عاملی محدودکننده، پیوند خورده است. بنابراین، جستجو در چیستی قیود در روند طراحی از مسائل بااهمیت در طراحی‌پژوهی است.
در این پژوهش، با هدف پاسخ به سؤال چیستی قیود طرح و مراتب و چگونگی اِعمال آنها در روند طراحی، از روشی مبتنی بر هستی‌شناسی در علم اطلاعات ــ که در مطالعات هستی‌شناسی طراحی نیز به کار رفته است ــ و رویۀ اسنادی استفاده شده است. با توجه به این روش، پژوهش به پنج مرحلۀ شناخت دامنۀ قیود، بازخوانی تعاریف موجود، واژگان مشابه، مراتب قیود، و نحوۀ اعمال قیود در روند طراحی تقسیم شد.
نتیجه آن است که قیود طرح در دو مرتبۀ معطوف به درون ذهن طراح و معطوف به خارج از ذهن او قرار دارند که هرکدام نیز به زیرمجموعه‌های دیگری تقسیم می‌شوند. همچنین مشخص شد که طراح در روند طراحی ممکن است نیاز به تشخیص، انتخاب، مدیریت، و تولید قیود طرح داشته باشد تا بتواند با محدود کردن راه حل‌های ممکن، به ساختاردهی مجدد مسئله بپردازد و فعل طراحی را ممکن کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Constraint Ontology in Design Process

نویسندگان [English]

  • Golnaz Mashreghi 1
  • Hamid Reza Ansari 2
1 PhD Candidate, Faculty of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

The concept of design is associated with the notion of constraint as a limiting factor, and the search for the constraint in the design process is essential in design research. This study applies the ontological method to define the domain and scope of constraints, their classes and subclasses, and how to apply them. We concluded that there are two types of constraints in design: inside the designer’s mind or internal constraint and outside it or external constraint. Each of these is classified into two subclasses: internal constraints can be divided into deduced and subject constraints, and external constraints are categorised into imposed and intrinsic constraints. In the end, we proposed a model that shows that designers can identify, choose, manage, and even generate constraints in the design process to facilitate the restructuring of the design problem, which helps them solve the design problem.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Design constraints
  • Design ontology
  • Design process
  • Design problem
  • Structuring of the problem
  • Framing
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