طبقه بندی عناصر وابسته به مفهوم سازگاری در معماری بر اساس مقیاسهای عملکردی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد دانشکدۀ معماری، دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشیار دانشکدۀ معماری، دانشگاه تهران

3 استادیار دانشکدۀ معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر

4 دکتری معماری، پردیس بینالمللی کیش، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

انتقال هر مفهومی از علوم پایه به علوم مهندسی مستلزم شناخت و برقراری ارتباط میان‌رشته‌ای در مقیاسی متناظر است. درحقیقت این مقیاس است که همچون پلی رشته‌های مختلف را به هم مرتبط می‌کند. استفاده از ویژگی‌های زیستی در سایر رشته‌های علمی، به دلیل تکامل و آزمون بلندمدت آن‌ها، دارای جایگاه ویژه‌ای است. سازگاری ازجملة خصوصیات اصلی جانداران است که موجب بقای جاندار در شرایط متغیر محیط می‌شود و تکامل جانداران را در درازمدت به دنبال دارد. مفهوم سازگاری در معماری شامل رویکردهای مختلفِ عملکردی، سازه‌ای، کالبدی، فرهنگی، و اقتصادی می‌شود. برداشت‌های متفاوتی از این مفهوم بسته به نوع رویکرد عرضه شده است، بر همین اساس، ضرورت دارد تا در زمان انتقال مفاهیم از دانش مبنا به معماری به مقیاس آن توجه شود. در این پژوهش با بررسی مقیاس‌های سازگاری در دانش مبنا و تعریف مقیاس متناظر آن‌ها در معماری، نوعی طبقه‌بندی سطوح مختلف مفهوم سازگاری در معماری عرضه می‌شود؛ تعیین مقیاس‌های متناظر در زمان انتقال مفاهیمْ منجر به تسهیل در استفاده از آن در معماری می‌شود. در این پژوهش پس از بررسی مفهوم سازگاری در علوم زیستی بر اساس مقیاس‌ها و خصوصیات شاخص آن‌ها، به انتقال این مفهوم به حوزة معماری با استفاده از رویکردی راه‌حل‌محور پرداخته می‌شود. روش این تحقیق قیاسی است و از سطوح کلان مفهوم سازگاری در دانش مبنا آغاز و تا سطوح خرد آن تفکیک می‌شود. درنهایت، مفهوم سازگاری در مقیاس‌های مختلفِ محیط مصنوعْ بررسی و عناصر مرتبط با مفهوم سازگاری بر این اساس طبقه‌بندی می‌شود. ارتباط میان دو حوزة مورد نظر بر اساس معرفی واحدهای تحلیلی، با عنوان نقطة مبنا، در گام نخست برقرار و ترازهای هم‌پیوند در گام بعدی تعیین می‌گردد؛ با این رویکرد از سوء برداشت‌های مفهومی، که در زمان انتقال الگوها، به دلیل تداخل مقیاس‌های نامرتبط دو حوزه، امکان پیش آمدن دارد، جلوگیری می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Classification of Elements Associated with the Concept of Adaptability Based on Functional Scales

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahmoud Mohammad Hosseinzadeh Golabchi 1
  • Katayoun Taghizadeh Aazari 2
  • Mohammad Reza Matini 3
  • Mohammad Zare 4
1 Professor, Faculty of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran
3 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Architecture, Tehran Art University
4 Kish International Campus, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

The transfer of any concept from the sciences to engineering needs a comprehensive understanding and an ability to connect the two. Thanks to their evolution and passing of the test of time, the use of biological features has always been of particular importance. Adaptability is one of the main characteristics of living organisms, which let them survive in changing environments and ultimately results in their evolution. It can involve a number of aspects in architecture: functional, structural, formal, cultural, and commercial. On this basis, it is essential to pay attention to scale in any concept transfer from the sciences to architecture. The present research studies the scale in the original science and tries to define corresponding scales in architecture. Determining corresponding scales facilitates the use of a given scientific concept in architecture. The research starts with a study of the concept of adaptability in biological sciences based on their characteristics and scales; and then seeks ways to transfer them into architecture using a solution-centred approach. The research method is deductive starting from macro- and then moving on to micro-levels of the sciences. Finally, adaptability is studied in various built-environment scales with its associate elements classified. The connection between the two areas is made, first through the introduction of analytic units as datum points, and then the establishment of corresponding levels. This approach prevents possible misconceptions caused by incompatible scales in the two realms.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Adaptability
  • Functional scales
  • Classification
  • Transfer process
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