ضرورت تدوین برنامة آموزشى مدیریت بحران در طراحى شهری

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار دانشکدة معمارى و شهرسازى دانشگاه شهید بهشتى

چکیده

قرارگیرى ایران درمنطقة لرزه خیز و وقوع سوانح طبیعى دیگر مانند سیل و زمین لغزش هرساله خسارات و تلفات فراوانى را به این سرزمین وارد کرده است. با توجه به گسترش دوره هاى تحصیلات تکمیلى مرتبط با سوانح در دانشگا ه هاى کشور، نیاز مبرم به آگاهى از تجارب سایرین و انجام مطالعات تطبیقى به منظور راه اندازى رشته هاى جدید به شدت احساس می شود. مقالة حاضر به بررسى تطبیقى تحلیلى دوره هاى آموزش مدیریت بحران دانشگاه هاى پنج قارة جهان در سطوح گوناگون: کوتاه مدت، از راه دور، گواهینامه، دیپلم، کاردانى، کارشناسى، کارشناسى ارشد و دکترى اختصاص دارد و نیز امکان بهره گیرى از تجارب براى تأسیس دوره هاى مشابه در دانشگا هها و مراکز آموزش عالى کشور را مطالعه میشود. روش تحقیق بر جستجوهاى اینترنتى استوار است. بیش از 360 دورة آموزشى سانحه در دانشگاه هاى معتبر و در مرتبه هاى گوناگون مطالعه شدند. تعداد مراکز به تفکیک قاره شامل امریکاى شمالى 165، اروپا 113 ، آسیا 52 ، افریقا 20 و اقیانوسیه و استرالیا 10 دانشگاه بوده است. علاوه بر این، شرح دروس همة دوره هاى آموزشى مرتبط با بحران در کشور نیز بررسى شد. با بهره گیرى از روش تطبیقى، شرح دروس و دوره هابه دو گونه مقایسه شدند. ابتدا میزان فراوانى دوره ها دردانشگاه هاى جهان به تفکیک پنج قاره شناسایى و دروس با فراوانى افزون تر شناسایى شدند و سپس مقایسة دروس از نظر میزان فراوانى موضوعى طبقه بندى و رتبه بندى شد. یافته هاى پژوهش نشان مى دهد که، اگرچه رویکردهاى گوناگونى از مقولة مدیریت بحران در مراکز آموزش عالى در مرتبه هاى مختلف دانشگاهى آموزش داده مى شوند، لیکن مدیریت بحران سکونتگاه هاى انسانى در دانشکده هاى معمارى و شهرسازى موضوع نسبتاً جدیدى محسوب مى شود. افزون بر این، به جز تعدادى از دانشگاه ها که مقولة بازسازى پس از سانحه به صورت یک دورة مجزا در آن ها تدریس مى شود، دیگر مراکز آموزش عالى موضوع بازسازى را در زمرة یکى از دروس اصلى خود در کنار سایر مباحث در دوره هاى مدیریت بحران گنجانده اند. به بیان دیگر، دورة آموزشى فعلى بازسازى در دانشکدة معمارى دانشگاه شهید بهشتى رشته اى نسبتا منحصر به فرد محسوب مى شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Importance of Compiling an Urban Design Disaster Management Curriculum

نویسنده [English]

  • Alirza Fallahi
Associate Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University
چکیده [English]

Located in a seismic zone, Iran has been faced with a number of catastrophic earthquakes and floods, resulting in destruction and many fatalities. Considering the increasing number of post-graduate courses in the country, the importance of conducting comparative disaster related studies is essential. This paper reviews the curricula of disaster management courses in various universities, including online, certificate, diploma, bachelor, master and Ph.D. levels. The main focus is to leverage current programs in order to develop similar courses within Iranian universities. Research methodology is based on web data and information collection. More than 360 disaster management courses have been reviewed from five continents including North America
(165), Europe (113), Asia (52), Africa (20) and Australia and Pacific Occasions (10). A comparative study of the curricula for these courses was also undertaken, as regards both their frequency and thematic matter. The results show that despite the diversity of approaches to disaster management in higher education, human settlement crisis management is a relatively new subject in schools of architecture and urban designs. Furthermore, while post-disaster reconstruction is usually taught as part of courses on disaster management, the current master post-disaster reconstruction course that delivered at the Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University is probably unique in terms of its focus.

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  15. American Public University System, WV – HS BA, AD & Grad Certificates, AD Concentra.
  16. Arkansas Tech University-Master of Science Degree in EM and HS
  17. Austin Peay State University, Fort Campbell, TN – Criminal Justice BS, Concentration in HS
  18. Barton County Community College, KS – AAS & Certificate in EM with HS Focus-Area
  19. Bellevue University – Master of Science in Security Management
  20. Bluegrass Community and Technical College – Associate & Certificate in HS and EM
  21. California State University Dominquez Hills – Certificate in Safety and Security for Managers and Supervisors
  22. California University of Pennsylvania – Master’s Degree in Legal Studies with HS Track
  23. California University of Pennsylvania – Homeland Security Certificate
  24. Capella University – Graduate Concentration in Homeland Security
  25. Capital Community College, Hartford CN – EM Response and HS Certificate
  26. Central Texas College – Certificate in Homeland Security and Emergency Management
  27. Central Texas College – ASS in Homeland Security and Emergency Management
  28. Cincinnati State Technical and Community College – AAS Public Safety Technology
  29. Colorado Technical University – BS in Criminal Justice – HS and EM
  30. Colorado Technical University – Master of Science Management – Homeland Security
  31. Colorado Technical University – Doctor of Management – Homeland Security
  32. Community College of Allegheny County – Certificate and Associate Degree in HS
  33. Community College of Denver–Public Safety Mgmt AD (Homeland Security Specialization)
  34. Corinthian Colleges, Inc. @ Florida Metropolitan University campuses – HS BA and AD
  35. Cumberland County College, NJ – HS Academic Cert, Career Cert, AS Concentration
  36. Curry College – Certificate in Homeland Security
  37. Delaware Technical and Community College – AAS in CJ w/Homeland Defense and EM Option
  38. Drexel University – Graduate Certificate in Homeland Security Management
  39. Drexel University – MS in Professional Studies w/a Concentration in HS Management
  40. East Carolina University – MS in Security Studies w/ Homeland Security Emphasis
  41. Eastern Kentucky University – MS in Safety, Security and Emergency Management
  42. Eastern Kentucky University – BS in Homeland Security
  43. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University – BS in Homeland Security
  44. Empire State College, NY – Bachelor Degree Level Concentration in EM and HS
  45. Excelsior College, NY – BS in Criminal Justice w/ Homeland Security Concentration
  46. Excelsior College, NY – Certificate in Homeland Security
  47. Fairleigh Dickinson University, NJ – Master of Science in Homeland Security with Grad Certs.
  48. Fairmont State Community & Technical College, WV – Homeland Security AAS Degree
  49. George Mason University – Masters of Public Admin EM & HS Concentration and Certificate
  50. George Mason University, Manassas, VA–Bio-Defense Certificates & Graduate Degrees
  51. George Washington University, DC – Grad Cert. in HS Emergency Preparedness and Response
  52. George Washington University – Master of Professional Studies in Security and Safety Leadership
  53. Georgia Perimeter College – Associate of Arts in Homeland Security & Emergency Mgmt
  54. Grantham University – On-Line Criminal Justice BS with Homeland Security Specialty
  55. Herzing College, Homewood AL –Homeland Security & Public Safety BS
  56. Indiana University, Kokomo – Homeland Security and Emergency Management Certificate
  57. Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis – Graduate Certificate in HS and EM
  58. Indian River State College – Certificate in Homeland Security
  59. John Jay College of Criminal Justice – Interdisciplinary MA Certificate Program in Terrorism Studies
  60. Johns Hopkins University – Masters of Government HS Concentration and HS Certificate
  61. Kansas City Kansas Community College – Technical Certificate in Homeland Security
  62. Kaplan College Online – Terrorism and National Security Mgmt. Certificate, AD/BA levels
  63. Kirkwood Community College, Cedar Rapids, IO: Terrorist Agent Control Technology Cert.
  64. Lamar Institute of Technology, Beaumont, TX – Homeland Security AAS & Certificate
  65. Long Island University, Southampton College – Graduate-Level Advanced Certificate in Homeland Security Management
  66. Long Island University – Masters of Science in Homeland Security Management
  67. Louisiana State Univ. , National Center for Biomedical Research/Training – terrorism response training.
  68. Michigan State University – Certificate in Homeland Security Studies
  69. Missouri State University – Grad Certificate in Homeland Security and Defense
  70. Monroe Community College, Rochester NY – Homeland Security Credit/Non-Credit Program
  71. Mountain State University, Beckley, WV – Homeland Security BS Concentration
  72. National Graduate School, Cape Cod, MA – Homeland Security Certificate
  73. National University – Master of Science in Homeland Security and Safety Engineering
  74. National University – BS in Domestic Security Management
  75. Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA – Homeland Security Program
  76. North Carolina Central University, NC – BS in Criminal Justice with HS Concentration
  77. Northcentral University, Prescott AZ –Business Admin. PhD. , Homeland Security Specialization
  78. Northeastern State University, OK – Homeland Security Criminal Justice BS Option and Minor
  79. Northern Virginia Community College, Manassas, VA – HS Operations Specialist Certificate
  80. Nova Southeastern University, FL – HS and Anti-Terrorism Preparedness MA & Certificate
  81. Ohio State University Minor and Major in Security and Intelligence, International Affairs Pgm.
  82. Old Dominion University – Homeland Security Graduate Certificate
  83. Pennsylvania State Univ World Campus – Certificate in Homeland Security and Defense
  84. Pennsylvania State Univ World Campus – Graduate Certificate in Bioterrorism Preparedness
  85. Pennsylvania State Univ World Campus – Masters in HS with Public Health Preparedness
  86. Pennsylvania State Univ World Campus – Online Masters of Professional Studies in HS
  87. Pennsylvania State Univ. , College of Medicine – Bioterrorism Preparedness Graduate Certificate
  88. Pennsylvania State Univ. , Fayette Center for Community & Public Safety--HS Certificate
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  90. Pierce College – Homeland Security/Emergency Management Certificate
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  94. Regis University – Certificate in Homeland Security
  95. Rivier College – Certificate in Homeland Security/Emergency and Disaster Management
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  99. Saint Louis University, MO – Graduate Certificate in Biosecurity
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  102. Savannah State University – Bachelors in EM and HS
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  105. Southwestern College, Wichita, KS – Graduate Certificates in Emergency Planning and Enterprise Risk Management
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  108. Texas A&M University, College Station – Graduate/Undergrad Homeland Security Certificates
  109. Thomas Edison State College, NJ – Online Graduate Certificate in Homeland Security
  110. Thomas Edison State College, NJ – BS in Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness
  111. Tiffin University, OH – Criminal Justice Masters, Homeland Security Admin. Concentration
  112. Tiffin University, OH – BS in Criminal Justice w/ Homeland Security/Terrorism Major
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  114. Tulane University, School of Continuing Studies – Homeland Security Studies Program
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  116. University of Central Florida - Graduate Certificate InEM and HS
  117. University of Cincinnati/Clermont College – Homeland Security Certificate
  118. University of Colorado-Colorado Springs – Homeland Security & Homeland Defense Program
  119. University of Connecticut – Master of Professional Studies in Homeland Security Leadership
  120. University of Denver – Graduate Certificate in Homeland Security
  121. University of Denver, University College – Masters in Security Mgmt. w/a Spec. Option and Graduate Certificate in Information Security and Organizational Security
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  123. University of Maryland University College – Master Degrees in EM and HS

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 23 شهریور 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 14 بهمن 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 11 دی 1399

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