طراحىِ فضاى انتظار مراکز درمانى: تأثیر محیط و نحوة تعریف فضا بر ادراک کاربران

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار بخش معماری دانشکدة هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد معماری دانشکدة هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

این مقاله پاسخ به این سؤال است که، آیا چگونگى تعریف فضایى (متغیر مستقل) مى تواند بر ارزیابى هاى ادراکى و میزان رضایت کاربران از محیط (متغیر وابسته) در یک فضاى پرازدحام تأثیرگذار باشد یا خیر؟ تعریف فضایىِ خاص مطالعه شده در این تحقیق، فضاى انتظار مراکز درمانى و ارتباط بین محورهاى سیرکولاسیون و فضاى نشستن سالن انتظار است. فرضیة تحقیق این است که کاربران در فضاهاى انتظارِ شلوغ، احساس راحتى و امنیت کمترى دارند. در این تحقیق تبیین شده است که چگونه در جایى که مرزهاى تعریف شدة فضایىِ کمترى بین فعالیت ها هست (یعنى حالتى که مردم از جهات مختلف عبور می کنند) این اختلال بسیار بیشتر است و کاربران دریافت منفى ترى از فضا دارند. براى بررسى این مسئله با روش تحقیق همبستگى، مطالعه در سالن انتظارِ بخش شیمى درمانى سه مرکزدرمانى اصلى در شهر شیراز انجام شد: سالن انتظارِ بخش شیمى درمانى درمانگاه هاى امام رضا(ع)، مطهرى، و نمازى، که از نظر ویژگى هاى محیطى، طراحى تقریباً مشابهى دارند، ولى ازنظر رابطة فضاى انتظار و محورهاى سیرکولاسیون شرایط متفاوتى دارند. نتایج مطالعه روى 240 بیمار نشان داد که در طراحى سالن هاى انتظار هرچه تفکیک و تعریف فضایى بین محورهاى سیرکولاسیون و فضاى انتظار ضعیف تر صورت گرفته باشد، محیط از طرف استفاده کنندگان منفى تر و استرس زاتر درک مى شود. تأثیر جنسیت نیز در انجام این ارزیابى بررسى شد. از نظر ادراکى، فضا در ذهن هردو جنس (مؤنث، مذکر) تقریباً مشابه ترسیم شده بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Designing Waiting Spaces in Hospitals

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyyed Mohammad Hossein Zakeri 1
  • Fatemeh Safarpour 2
1 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Shiraz
2 M Arch Student, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Shiraz
چکیده [English]

This paper investigates the role of spatial design in satisfaction of about 240 waiting patients and their company in three hospitals in Shiraz City. The chemotherapy waiting room was selected for study in these three hospitals. These waiting rooms have more or less similar conditions and differ only in their spatial arrangement and relation to circulation corridors. The results indicate that visitor satisfaction increases as the sitting areas are more detached from corridors. Blocking view towards the chemotherapy area also has a positive impact on user satisfaction. Views towards green spaces, or at least peaceful posters has the same effect, too. So does the demarcation of spaces with different functions. Nevertheless, gender was found to have insignificant impact on spatial cognition.

مراجع

  1. منابع و ماخذ
  2. مردمی، کرمی و هاشم هاشم نژاد و ملیحه باقری و کسری حس نپور رحی مآباد.
  3. ملاحظات طراحى معمارى در کاهش آلودگ ىهاى صوتى محی طهاى »
  4. .154 - در نشریة م حی طشناسى، ش 64 (زمستان 1391 )، ص 141 « درمانى
  5. در نشریه ،« نکاتى در طراحى معمارى مراکز درمانى » . سقایى، فرنوش
  6. گزارش سازمان نظام مهندسی ساختمان استان فارس، ش 50 و 51 (پاییز
  7. .44 - و زمستان 1385 )، ص 41
  8. صفرپور، فاطمه، طراحى کلینی کهاى درمانى، پایان نامة کارشناسى ارشد،
  9. دانشکده هنر و معمارى شیراز، دفاع نشده.
  10. Arneill, A.B. & S. Devlin. “Perceived Quality of Care: The
  11. Influence of the Waiting Room Environment”, in Journal of
  12. Environmental Psychology,22(4) (2002), pp.345–360.
  13. Baskaya, A. & C. Wilson & Y.Z. Ozcan. “Wayfinding in an
  14. Unfamiliar Environment”, in Environment and Behavior,
  15. (6) (2004), pp. 839–867.
  16. Baskaya, A. & K. Yildirim & M. Muslu. “Functional and
  17. Perceptual Quality of Polyclinic Waiting Halls: Ankara,
  18. Ibni Sina Hospital Polyclinic”, in Journal of the Faculty of
  19. Engineering and Architecture of GaziUniversity, 20(1) (2005),
  20. pp. 53–68.
  21. Chiang, CM & Chou PC & Lai CM & Li YY. “A Methodology
  22. to Assess the Indoor Environment in Care Centers for
  23. Senior Citizens”, in Building and Environment,;36(2001), pp.
  24. –568.
  25. Costa, P.T. & A. Terracciano & R.R. McCrae. “Gender
  26. Differences in Personality Traits Across Cultures: Robust
  27. and Surprising Findings”, in Journal of Perf’onality and
  28. Social Psydwlog, Vol. 81, No. 2 (2001), pp. 322- 331.
  29. Devlin, A.S & A.B. Arneill. “Health Care Environments and
  30. Patient Outcomes”, in Environment and Behavior,35(5)
  31. (2003), pp. 665–694.
  32. Dube, L. & M.S. Morgan. “Trend Effects and Gender Differences
  33. in Retrospective Judgments of Consumption Emotions”, in
  34. Journal of Consumer Research, 23 (1996), pp. 156–162.
  35. Eroglu, S.A. & G.D. Harrel. “Retail Crowding: The Oretical
  36. and Strategic Implications”, in Journal of Retailing, 62
  37. (1986), pp. 347–363.
  38. Eroglu, S.A & K.A. Machleit & T.F. Barr. “Perceived Retail
  39. Crowding and Shopping Satisfaction: The Role of Shopping
  40. Values”, in Journal of Business Research,58 (2005), pp. 53- 1146.
  41. Evans G.W & S. Cohen. “Environmental Stress”, in Stokols D
  42. & I. Altman (eds), Handbook of Environmental Psychology,
  43. New York: Wiley, 1987, pp. 571–610.
  44. Evans, G.W. “Design Implications of Spatial Research”, in
  45. Aiello, A & A. Baum (eds), Residential Crowding and Design,
  46. New York: Plenum, 1979, p. 197–216.
  47. Evans, G.W. & S. Saegert & R. Harris. “Residential Density
  48. and Psychological Heath among Children in Low-income
  49. Families”, in Environment and Behavior, 33 (2001), pp.
  50. –180.
  51. Everhart, D.E & J.L. Shucard & T. Quatrin & D.W. Shucard.
  52. “Sex-related Differences in Event-related Potentials Face
  53. Recognition, and Facial Affect Processing in Pre-pubertal
  54. Children”, in Neuropsychology, 15 (2001), pp. 329–341.
  55. Goble E. “Hospital Planning Starts with Circulation”,
  56. in Hospitals, Clinics, and Health Centers, New York: An
  57. Architectural Record Book McGraw-Hill Book Company,
  58. Inc., 1960, pp. 2–7.
  59. Holbrook, M. “Aims, Concepts, and Methods for the
  60. Representation of Individual Differences in Esthetics
  61. Responses to Design Features”, in Journal of Consumer
  62. Research, 13 (1986), pp. 337–347.
  63. Ingham, B. & C. Spencer. “Do Comfortable Chairs and Soft
  64. Light in the Waiting Area Rreally Help Reduce Anxiety
  65. and Improve the Practice’s Image?”, in Health Psychology
  66. Update, 28 (1997), pp. 17–20.
  67. Kaplan, S. & R. Kaplan. Cognition and Environment, New
  68. York: Cambridge, 1982.
  69. Kaya, N & F. Erkip. “Invasion of Person al Space under the
  70. Condition of Short Term Crowding: A Case Study on an
  71. Automatic Teller Machine”, in Journal of Environmental
  72. Psychology, 19 (1999), pp. 183–189.
  73. Kaya, N. & F. Erkip. “Satisfaction in a Dormitory Building:
  74. The Effects of Floor Height on the Perception of Room Size
  75. and Crowding”, in Environ ment and Behavior, 33 (2001), pp.
  76. –53.
  77. Kliment, S.A. Building Type Basics for Health Care Facilities,
  78. New York: Wiley, 2000.
  79. Leather, P & D. Beale & A. Santos. “Outcomes of
  80. Environmental Appraisal of Different Hospital Waiting
  81. Areas”, in Environment and Behavior, 35 (2003), pp.
  82. –869.
  83. Lemprecht, B. “The Gap between Design and Healing”, in
  84. Metropolis, (October 1996), pp.77, 123, 125- 129.
  85. Martin C. “Putting Patients First: Integrating Hospital
  86. Design and Care “, in The Lancet, 356(9228) (2003), p. 518.
  87. Machleit, K.A & S.A. Eroglu & S.P. Mantel. “Retail
  88. Crowding and Shopping Satisfaction: What Modifies this
  89. Relationship?”, in Journal of Consumer Psychology, 9 (2000),
  90. pp. 29–42.
  91. Miller, R.L & E.S. Swensson. Hospital and Healthcare Facility
  92. Design, New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. 2002.
  93. Omachonu, V.K. “Quality of Care and the Patient: New
  94. Criteria for Evaluation”, in Health Care Management Review,
  95. (1990), pp. 43–50.
  96. Purcell, A.T. “The Relationship between Buildings and
  97. Behavior”, in Building and Environment, 22(3) (1987), pp.
  98. –232.
  99. Putrevu, S. “Exploring the Origins and Information
  100. Processing Differences between Man and Women:
  101. Implications for Advertisers”, in Journal of the Academy of
  102. Marketing Science, Vol. 10 (2001).
  103. Rentz, J. & F. Reynolds. “Separating Age, Cohort and Period
  104. Effects in Consumer Behavior”, Advances in Consumer
  105. Research, 8 (1981), pp. 596–601.
  106. Ru¨ Stemli, A. “Crowding Effects of Density on
  107. Interpersonal Distance”, in Journal of Social Psychology, 132
  108. (1992), pp. 51–58.
  109. Ruga, W. “Designing for the Senses”, in Marberry SO, editor,
  110. Health Care Design, New York: Wiley, 1997, pp. 217–231.
  111. Sears, O.D. & A. Peplau & J. Freedman. Social Psychology,
  112. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; 1988.
  113. Sinha, S.P. & P. Nayyar. “Crowding Effects of Density and
  114. Personal Space Requirements among Older People:
  115. Impact of Self Control and Social Support”, in Journal Social
  116. Psychology, 40 (2000), p. 721.
  117. Sinha, S.P. & N. Prakasvhati. “Perception of Crowding
  118. Among Children and Adolescents”, in Journal of Social
  119. Psychology,135 (1995), pp. 263–269.
  120. Stokols, D. “On the Distinction between Density and
  121. Crowding”, in Psychological Review, 79 (1972), pp. 275–277.
  122. Stokols, D. & M. Rall & B. Pinner & J. Schopler. “Physical,
  123. Social, and Personal Determinants of the Perception of
  124. Crowding”, in Environment and Behavior, 5 (1973), pp.
  125. –115.
  126. Topf, M. “Hos pital Noise Pollution: An Environmental Stress
  127. Model to Guide Research and Clinical Interventions”, in
  128. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31 (2000), pp. 520–528.
  129. Ulrich, R.S. «Effects of Environmental Simulations
  130. and Television on Blood Donor Stress», in Journal of
  131. Architectural and Planning Research, 20 (2003), pp. 38–47.
  132. Volicer, B.J. & L. Volicer. “Cardiovascular Changes
  133. Associated with Stress During Hospitalization”, in Journal of
  134. Psychosomatic Research, 22 (1978), pp. 159– 168.
  135. Winkel, G.H. “The Environmental Psychology of the
  136. Hospital: Is the Cure Worse that the Illness?”, in Prevention
  137. in Human Services, 4 (1986), pp. 11–33.
  138. Wohwill, J.F. “Human R esponse to Levels of Environmental
  139. Stimulation”, in Human Ecology, 2 (1974), pp. 127–147.
  140. Yildirim, K. “The Effect of Differences in Customer
  141. Characteristics on the Evaluation of a Store Image”, in
  142. Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architectur e of Gazi
  143. University, 20(4) (2005), pp. 473–481.

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 25 شهریور 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 14 بهمن 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 11 دی 1399

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار