صفه

صفه

سپیدرویی در معماری خانه‌های قاجاری؛ رنگ‌کاوی نماهای خانه‌های تاریخی تبریز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 کارشناس ارشد معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، ایران.
2 دانشیار، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز ، ایران
چکیده
اهداف و پیشینه: رنگ‌ها در معماری ایران همواره نقشی برجسته در نمادپردازی و انتقال مفاهیم زیباشناختی داشته‌اند. با وجود مطالعات بسیار در این حوزه، پژوهشگران پیشین بیشتر ذهن خود را بر فضاهای داخلی و عناصر تزیینی مانند ارسی‌ها معطوف کرده و به نظام‌مندی رنگ در نماهای بیرونی، که سلیقة زیباشناختی، هویت اجتماعی، و جایگاه مالکان را بازتاب می‌دهد، کمتر پرداخته‌اند. در دورة قاجار، با محوریت معماری مسکونی، نماها اهمیتی فزاینده یافتند. این پژوهش با هدف پایش نحوة رنگ‌گزینی و تحلیل میزان و اولویت حضور رنگ‌ها در نماهای اصلی خانه‌های قاجاری تبریز انجام شده است. تبریز به‌دلیل موقعیت ولیعهدنشینی آن در دورة قاجار و دارا بودن مجموعه‌ای غنی و مناسب از این بناها انتخاب شده است. پرسش اصلی تحقیق این است که کدام رنگ بیشترین میزان حضور را در نماهای خانه‌های قاجاری تبریز داشته است؟

مواد و روش‌ها: پژوهش پیش رو با روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی و با گردآوری اطلاعات کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی انجام شده است. جامعة آماری متشکل از 74 نمای اصلی خانه‌های قاجاری تبریز است و با اعمال معیارهای سلامت و اصالت، تعداد 20 نما باقی ماندند که نمونه‌های مطالعاتی این مقاله گردیدند. هر رنگ با استفاده از ابزارهای دیجیتال ازجمله نرم‌افزار Color Grab و در شرایط نوری کنترل‌شده برداشت شد. سامانة رنگ مانسل مبنای طبقه‌بندی رنگ‌ها قرار گرفت و نرم‌افزارهای مهندسی و پردازش تصویر برای ترسیم نماها، تخصیص رنگ، و محاسبة کمّی سطوح رنگی به کار رفتند.

نتایج و جمع‌بندی: طبق یافته‌ها، رنگ بیشتر سطوح نماها سپید است. پس‌ازآن، به‌ترتیب رنگ‌های قرمز، خاکستری، زرد، آبی، سبز، و بنفش در رتبه‌های بعدی بوده‌اند. در تحلیل داده‌ها به این نتیجه می‌رسیم که سطوح دارای مصالح با رنگ طبیعی به میزان چشمگیری بر سطوح رنگ‌آمیزی‌شده اولویت داشته‌اند. نتایجْ غلبة سپیدرویی را در نمای بیرونی تأیید می‌کند که در تقابلی معنادار با سرخ‌فامی فضاهای درونی، به‌ویژه حوض‌خانه‌هاست. عواملی همچون کاربرد مصالح بوم‌آورد، ملاحظات اقلیمی، تأثیرپذیری از سبک‌های نوظهور معماری، و ذائقة زیباشناختی ساکنانْ نقشی مؤثر در تدوین و رنگ‌یابی چهره و صورت ظاهری این بناها داشته‌اند. سپیدرویی نه‌تنها نمادی از سلامت زیستی و تمکن باشندگان بوده، بلکه بستری را برای هماهنگی بصری و جلوه‌گری عناصر تزیینی رنگی نیز فراهم می‌کرده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The White Finish of the Qajar House; Exploring the Chromatics of the Façade in Tabriz’s Historical Houses

نویسندگان English

Shabnam Jafari 1
Massud Wahdattalab 2
1 Master of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده English

Background and Objectives: Colours have always played a prominent role in symbolism and conveyance of aesthetic concepts in Iranian architecture. Despite numerous studies in this field, the primary focus of previous research has been on interiors and decorative elements such as stained-glass windows (Orosi), while systematic investigations of colour in exteriors—indicative of aesthetic taste, social identity, and the status of owners—have received less attention. During this period, and with the increasing focus on residential architecture, facades gained greater importance. This research was conducted with the aim of monitoring colour selection methods and analysing the extent and priorities of colours applied in the main facades of Tabriz’s Qajar-era houses. Tabriz was selected due to its status as the crown prince’s residence during the Qajar period, and its possession of a wealth of architectural heritage from this period. The main research question is: Which colour is most prevalent in the facades of Qajar houses in Tabriz?

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method, gathering information through library and field research. The sample population consisted of 74 main façades of Qajar houses in Tabriz. By applying criteria of integrity and authenticity, 20 façades were selected, with their colour data were captured using digital tools, including the Color Grab software, under controlled lighting conditions. The Munsell Colour System served as the basis for colour classification, and engineering and image processing software were used to draw the facades, assign colours, and perform quantitative calculations of coloured surfaces.

Results and Conclusion: The findings indicate that with an average of 57.40% of the total facade surfaces, the white colour has the largest share, followed by red (22.27%), grey (8.82%), yellow (7.43%), blue (2.45%), green (0.98%), and purple (0.65%). Data analysis also reveals that surfaces with natural colours (74.81%) significantly outnumber painted surfaces (25.19%). The results demonstrate the predominance of whiteness in the exteriors, which stands in meaningful contrast to the red-dominated interiors (particularly the Howz-khaneh). Factors such as the use of vernacular materials, climatic considerations, the influence of emerging architectural styles, and the aesthetic taste of the residents played effective roles in formulating and selecting the colour palette for the appearance of these buildings. Whiteness not only symbolised the well-being and affluence of the inhabitants but also provided a background for visual harmony and the highlighting of colourful decorative elements.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Colour, Faç
ade, Qajar architecture, Historical houses of Tabriz, Colour preferences
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  • تاریخ دریافت 05 اردیبهشت 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 10 شهریور 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 15 دی 1403