نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکدۀ معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
2 استادیار دانشکدۀ معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Background and objectives: The growing demand for energy efficiency in buildings has become a central objective for sustainable development, as the building sector is expected to significantly raise its share of global energy consumption by 2040. Shading systems can therefore play a crucial role by controlling solar heat gain, and thus reducing the cooling and heating loads. This study aims to identify optimal shading control strategies by considering variables such as shading position, building orientation, and climate conditions. EnergyPlus and jEPlus are employed here for parametric modelling and optimisation of various shading scenarios across four Iranian cities: Bandar Abbas, Yazd, Sari, and Tabriz. The primary objective is to reduce energy consumption and enhance both thermal and visual comfort for occupants, with a specific focus on assessing the impact of appropriate shading control strategies in achieving these goals.
Materials and Methods: This study utilises a standard residential room model similar to Test Case 600, as outlined in the ANSI/ASHRAE 140-2017 standard. A total of 19 different shading control scenarios were analysed, incorporating varieties in shading position (internal or external), building orientation, shading control strategies, activation thresholds, and climate conditions. The predictive variables considered include cooling load, heating load, electrical lighting load, total energy consumption, and the number of hours of thermal discomfort (PPD index) and visual discomfort (DGI index) experienced by the occupants. Energy modelling was performed using EnergyPlus, while parametric design optimisation is conducted with jEPlus. To predict energy consumption and assess the influence of various parameters, a Random Forest machine learning model was employed. Additionally, the SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) algorithm was used to interpret the model’s predictions, providing a detailed understanding of the contribution of each input variable.
Results and conclusion: The results demonstrate that optimised shading control strategies can significantly reduce energy consumption. In the summer, total energy use decreased by 18.8% in Bandar Abbas, 35.2% in Yazd, 37.8% in Sari, and 45.5% in Tabriz. In winter, reductions ranged from 0.8% in Yazd to 4.3% in Bandar Abbas. Additionally, optimised shading design and control led to a substantial reduction in both thermal and visual discomfort. For instance, in Tabriz, thermal discomfort decreased by 64.2%, while visual discomfort was reduced by up to 100% across all cities. The study concludes that selecting the appropriate shading control strategy and activation threshold not only reduces energy consumption but also enhances both thermal and visual comfort for building occupants. Specifically in the summer, external shading with outdoor temperature control in Bandar Abbas, and external shading with indoor temperature control in Yazd and Tabriz, were identified as the most effective strategies for reducing energy consumption and improving comfort. In winter, the most effective strategy involves controls based on outdoor temperature, with varying activation thresholds tailored to each climate. Overall, the study emphasises the critical importance of climate-adapted control strategies in designing energy-efficient and comfortable residential buildings, thereby contributing to the advancement of sustainable architecture across diverse climatic regions.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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