مروری بر مطالعات علوم زیستی و تبیین رابطۀ آنها با پایداری محیطی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشکدۀ هنر و معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد معماری دیجیتال، دانشکدة هنر و معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تبریز، تبریز، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری طراحی محیطی، دانشکدة معماری، برنامه‌ریزی و منظر، دانشگاه کلگری، کلگری، کانادا

چکیده

امروزه فعالیت‌‌های انسان‌ها عامل اصلی آسیب‌های متعددی، به‌ویژه از نظر فرسودگی و بی‌ثباتی منابع طبیعی، است که برای محدود کردن این خطراتْ مفهوم پایداری توسعه داده شده است. در طول تاریخ، زیست و طبیعت در علوم گوناگون، ازجمله معماری، منبع الهام دانسته شده و به نوآوری‌های علوم سمت‌وسوی پایداری بخشیده و عاملی برای حل مشکلات موجود بوده‌اند، به گونه‌ای که راه حل‌های مبتنی بر علوم زیستیْ منجر به توسعة شاخه‌هایی از علوم جدید گشته که مهم‌ترین حوزه‌های تحقیقاتی امروز را شامل می‌شوند. با وجود اهمیت فراوان علومی که با تقلید و یا الهام از طبیعت شکل گرفته‌اند، تا کنون به دسته‌بندی این علوم و بررسی رابطة بین آنها پرداخته نشده است، حال‌آنکه در دسترس بودن چنین دسته‌بندی‌ای و استفاده از آن در معماری عصر حاضر می‌تواند به چرخة پایداری محیطی تداوم بخشد. در پژوهش حاضر به شناسایی و عرضة یک چارچوب کاربردی از علوم الهام‌گرفته از زیست و ارتباط بین آنها با پایداری محیطی پرداخته شده است. روش تحقیق در مقالة پیش رو کیفی ـ توصیفی و مرور همة مقالات منتشرشده در 11 نشریة اسپرینگر طی سال‌های 2020 الی 2022 با کلیدواژة Bio (زیست) است. ارزیابی محوریت موضوعی 1927 مقالة استخراج‌شده منجر به دسته‌بندی در 11 گروه مطالعات زیستی شامل بیونیک، بیومیمیتیک، بیومورفیک، بیوسوخت (بیودیزل، بیوالکل، بیواتانول، بیوهیدروژن، و بیوگاز)، بیومتریال، بیوهیبرید، بیوآئروسل، بیوفناوری، بیوالگوریتم (هوش بیوطراحی و هوش بیو متریال)، بیوهنر (طراحی الهام زیستی و بیودکوراسیون)، بیوفیلیا (طراحی بیوفیلیک) و ارتباط بین آنها با پایداری محیطی شده است. برون‌داد پژوهش حاضر شامل مبحث توسعة دانش نظری در باب علوم الهام‌گرفته از زیست است و نتایجْ حاکی از تمرکز مطالعات بین‌المللی علوم زیستی بر بیوسوخت و بیوفناوری در راستای کاهش تأثیر فعالیت‌های انسانی بر محیط زیست، استفادة حداقل و کارآمد از منابع طبیعی، محافظت از تنوع زیستی، تأمین منابع پایدار، و برقراری ارتباط سازگار بین انسان و محیط طبیعی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Review of Biological Studies and their Relation with Environmental Sustainability

نویسندگان [English]

  • Habib Shahhoseini 1
  • Hooman Zamani 2
  • Paniz Mousavi Samimi 3
1 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran
2 Faculty of Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran
3 Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
چکیده [English]

Today, human activities are the leading cause of severe environmental damages, especially regarding shortage and instability of natural resources. The sustainability concept was developed in response, to limit these risks and facilitate living conditions for future generations. Life and nature have historically been considered as inspiring in architecture among others, prompting an environmental-oriented sense of direction towards resolving present-day issues. Despite the proliferation of nature-inspired sciences, hardly any attention is paid to classifications and interconnections between these sciences regardless of benefits associated with such studies. However, the availability of such a classification and its use in present-day architecture can significantly contribute to the advancement of environmental sustainability.
The current research has identified and presented a comprehensive framework of sciences inspired by life and nature (bio) and their relationship. The research method is qualitative-descriptive and focuses on articles containing the word ‘bio’, published in Springer publishers between 2020 and 2022. The review of the 1927 articles have led to a classification of biological studies into 11 groups (bionic, biomimetic, biomorphic, biofuel (biodiesel, bioalcohol, bioethanol, biohydrogen, and biogas), biomaterial, biohybrid, bioaerosol, biotechnology, bioalgorithm (biodesign intelligence and biomaterial intelligence), bioart (bio-inspired design and biodecoration), biophilia (biophilic design) and the relationship between them environmental sustainability. The outcome is a development of the theoretical knowledge about bio-inspired sciences and indicates that international bioscience studies mainly focus on biofuels and biotechnology, along the lines of reducing human activities’ impact on the environment, efficient use of natural resources, protect biodiversity, and a harmonious relationship between humans and the natural environment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bio
  • Bioscience
  • Contemporary architecture
  • Environmental sustainability
  • Springer Publishers
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