ارزیابی بازیابی انطباقی ساختمان‌های متروک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد معماری و انرژی، گروه معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار دانشکدۀ معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار مرکز تحقیقات راه، مسکن و شهرسازی ، تهران، ایران

چکیده

یکی از مهم‌ترین دغدغه‌های دهة اخیر کنترل آلاینده‌های حاصل از صنعت ساختمان بوده است. ساختمان نیز، مانند هر محصول صنعتی دیگر، حاصل مصرف مواد اولیه و انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر و تجدید‌ناپذیر است و افزایش ساخت‌وساز، به‌خصوص در کشورهای در حال توسعه، امری اجتناب‌ناپذیر به‌نظر می‌رسد. هدف در این تحقیق تعیین عوامل مؤثر بر بازیابی انطباقی از بناهای متروک و تأثیرات زیست‌محیطی استفادة ‌مجدد از این بناها در مقابل ساخت‌و‌ساز جدید است. ازآنجاکه استفادة ‌مجدد از ساختمان‌ها پتانسیل بالقوه برای همة بناها نیست، بنابراین لازم است یک ابزار تصمیم‌گیری فراهم شود که بتوان، به کمک آن پتانسیل، استفادة مجدد از ساختمان‌های موجود را ارزیابی کرد.
بدین منظور مهم‌ترین معیارهای اثرگذار بر بازیابی انطباقی بناهای متروک از طریق مصاحبه با خبرگان و صاحب‌نظران و مطالعة پیشینة موضوع و مقالات معتبر حوزة انرژی و پایداری، شناسایی و در هفت گروه کلی دسته‌بندی شدند. سپس به کمک عرضة پرسش‌نامه به 110 نفر از متخصصان این حوزه و دریافت پاسخ آنها، میزان اثربخشی هریک از این عوامل بر روی بازیابی انطباقی از بناهای متروک تعیین گردید. نتایج مستخرج از پرسش‌نامه با آزمون‌های آماری تحلیل شد و درنهایت به کمک روش AHP وزن معیارهای تصمیم‌گیری تعیین گردید. طبق نتایج، این معیارها به‌ترتیب عوامل زیست‌محیطی، معماری‌ و شهرسازی، اجتماعی، اقتصادی، فیزیکی، عملکردی، و تکنولوژی رتبه‌بندی شدند و در آخر، عامل زیست‌محیطی یکی از مصادیق توسعة پایدار و اثرگذارترین عامل در بازیابی انطباقی بناهای متروک معرفی شد که به کمک آن می‌توان پتانسل و ارزش ساختمان را به‌منظور بازیابی و یا تخریب آن سنجید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

An Evaluation of the Adaptive Reuse of Abandoned Buildings

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hanieh Ahmadi Joshaghani 1
  • Mohammad Reza Hafezi 2
  • Behrooz Mohammad Kari 3
1 MSc, Architecture and Energy, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Road, Housing & Urban Development Research Centre, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Controlling the contaminants caused by the building industry has been one of the most significant concerns of the last decade. Like any other product, the making of a building takes raw materials and renewable and non-renewable energy, with the growth in development appearing to be inevitable particularly in the developing countries. The present research aims to determine the factors affecting the adaptive reuse of abandoned buildings, and compare the environmental impacts of reusing buildings with those of new constructions. Not every building is unreservedly suitable for reuse, though, and hence the necessity of decision tools to evaluate each building’s potential for reuse. For this purpose, the key criteria for the adaptive reuse of abandoned buildings were recognised and classified into seven categories. This was done through interviewing experts and library studies in the fields of energy and sustainability. The findings were then put into a questionnaire given to 110 experts, for them to evaluate the effectiveness any of these factors. The results were then analysed and the weight of decision criteria was determined using AHP method. According to the results, the affecting criteria were ranked as follows: environmental factors, architecture and urbanism, social, economic, physical, functional, and technology. In the end, the environmental factor was recognised as the most effective in the adaptive reuse of abandoned buildings, to decide whether to reuse or demolish a building.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Adaptive reuse
  • Abandoned buildings
  • Environmental sustainability
  • Decision making method
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