تحلیل یکپارچۀ طرح ویژۀ بهسازی و نوسازی مسکن روستایی به روش DPSIR در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد دانشکدۀ معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار دانشکدۀ معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری شهرسازی، دانشکدة معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

ارزیابی و برنامه‌ریزی مسکن روستایی، به‌دلیل ماهیت چند عملکردی زیستی ـ معیشتی آن، امری پیچیده است. گرایش‌های متغیر روستاییان از مسکن در گذر زمان و نیز رویکردهای غیرمشارکتی، اثبات‌گرایانه، و از بالا به‌ پایین برنامه‌های توسعة مسکن، بر پیچیدگی آن افزوده و باعث کاهش کارایی و بروز ناهمسازی‌هایی میان وضعیت اجرا با اهداف محتوایی و فرایندی برنامه‌ها شده است؛ ارزیابی، به‌مثابة روشی سیستماتیک برای آسیب‌شناسی برنامه‌ها، ابزاری مؤثر در بهبود و‌ بهنگام‌سازی آنها به‌شمار می‌رود. «طرح ویژه بهسازی و نوسازی مسکن روستایی» یکی از مهم‎ترین سیاست‎های تأمین مسکن روستایی است. هدف یا دستور کار در پژوهش حاضر، تحلیل یکپارچه و ریشه‌یابی علل وقوع ناهمسازی‌های احتمالی محتوایی و فرایندی وضعیت اجرا با این طرح است. در چارچوب روش‌شناسیِ ‌پژوهش، با استفاده از پیمایش تصادفی و نیز روش طبقه‌بندی هدفمند، 31 استان کشور در قالب 4334 پروندة مسکونی به‌وسیلة مدل سنجشی منتخب، متشکل از معیارها و شاخص‌های چندگانه، ارزیابی شدند. بنابر نتایج پژوهش، علی‌رغم موفقیت‎های نسبی طرح ویژة یادشده، مهم‌ترین دلایل وقوع ناهمسازی‌ میان طرح و اجرا تمایل نداشتن دفاتر طراحی به طراحی و ترویج الگوهای متناسب، نوآورانه، و به‎روزشده، و نیازمحور و کم‌توجهی به مسکن معیشت‌محور و نیازهای معیشتی در طراحی است. همچنین می‌توان به ناکارآمدی و پیاده‌سازی ناصحیح سازوکارهای تخصیص سهمیه و احراز شرایط متقاضیان، آسیب‌های مراحل «طراحی، نظارت، و اجرا» و فقدان تناسب بین نیروی انسانی استانی و شهرستانی با حجم کار افزایش‌یافته در طرح ویژه اشاره داشت. برگزاری دوره‌های آموزشی تکراری بدون تناسب با مسئلة اصلی در برخی از مناطق و اجرای ناکارآمد موضوع توانمندسازی از سوی مجریان محلی و وجود مطالبات و معوقات بانکی از دیگر مسائل است. درنهایت اصول راهبردی به‌منظور بهبود و ارتقای سازوکارهای‌طرح ویژه پیشنهاد شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

An Integrated Analysis of Rural Renewal PlansUsing DPSIR Method in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohsen Sartipi Pour 1
  • Sahar Nedaii Tousi 2
  • Sima Sa’adat Shourak Haji 3
1 Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3 PhD Candidate, Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Due to its multi-functional life-subsistence nature, the assessment and planning of rural housing is a complex issue. The varying tendencies of villagers from their housing over time, as well as non-participatory, positivist, top-down approaches of housing development programmes have exacerbated complexities and reduced efficiency, leading to inconsistencies between implementation and objectives, in terms ofboth process and content. Assessment is, therefore, a systematic pathological method, and can be used as an effective tool for improving and updating programmes. Accordingly, the agenda here is paying attention to the integrated analysis and rooting out the causes of possible content and process inconsistencies within the “Rural Improvement and Renewal plan”. Within the framework of evaluative research methodthrough a selected assessment model, and using random survey and targeted categorisation, 31provinces of the country were evaluated, using 4334 residential files, consisting of multiple criteria and indicators.The results show that despite the relative success of the Rural Improvement and Renewal Plan, the most important reasons for the inconsistency between design and implementation are the reluctance of design offices to design and promote appropriate, innovative, up-to-date and need-based models, a shortage of attention to livelihood-based housing and subsistence-related needs in design.One can also mention the inefficiency and incorrect implementation mechanisms for allocating quotas and recognising the eligibility of applicants, the damages in design, implementation, and supervision stages and the inadequacy of local work forces with increasing the workloadscaused by the plan.Other issues are holding duplicate, irrelevanttraining courses in some areas,and inefficient implementation of empowerment plans by local authorities as well as financial debts and arrears. To conclude, a set of strategic principles are proposed to improve and enhance the mechanisms of special plans.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Planning assessment
  • Integrated DPSIR analysis
  • Special Rural Housing Renewal Plan
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