فرم به مثابۀ قابلیت؛ زیربنای نظری و چارچوب مفهومی معنای معماری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مربی دانشکدۀ هنر و معماری صبا، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

2 استاد دانشکدة معمارى و شهرسازى دانشگاه شهید بهشتى

چکیده

بناهای
فرم مفهومی پویا و لغزان است که از هریک از گفتمان‌های مختلف معماری تلقی متفاوتی از آن به‌دست آمده است. در این مقاله با هدف بازاندیشی مفهومِ فرم در گفتمان معاصر، به تبیین زیربنای نظری و اقتضائات مفهومی تلقی فرم به قابلیت پرداخته شده است. بدین منظور نخست برخی نیروهای بنیادین مؤثر بر تحول مفهوم فرم در دوران معاصر شناسایی شده‌اند؛ سپس مفهوم قابلیت به‌مثابة تلقی‌ای از فرم که پاسخ‌گویی به نیروهای ذکرشده را ممکن می‌کند، معرفی گردیده است؛ در ادامه برخی اقتضائات مفهومی حضور قابلیت در گفتمان معماری از طریق بسط این مفهوم تبیین شده است. در این نوشتار در مسیر بازاندیشی فرم به مفهوم معنا تکیه و ادعا می‌شود که ورود قابلیت به نظام مفاهیم معماری ماهیت معنای اثر معماری را آشکار می‌کند و با تحقق تعامل‌گرایی سوژه و آبژه و جامع‌نگری، به دو مسئلة بنیادین معنا در معماری پاسخ داده می‌شود. این روند به فهم جدیدی از دو مفهوم کالبد و عملکرد معماری می‌انجامد و فرارفتن از دوگانه‌انگاری آن‌ها را ممکن می‌کند. ظهور این تحولات مدیون ترسیم ساختار مفهومی جدید برای قابلیت و برانگیخته شدن دغدغه‌ها و ملاحظاتی نو در فضای اندیشة معماری است. به همین منظور تلاش شده از طریق طرح و تبیین مفاهیم میدان کنش، عمق و دامنة قابلیت، و همچنین توجه به کیفیت تحقق و قطبیت آن چارچوبی مفهومی ترسیم گردد، به‌طوری‌که بیانگر تحولات اندیشة معماری در مواجهه با مفهوم قابلیت باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Form as Affordance: The Theoretical Basis and Conceptual Framework for the Meaning of Architecture

نویسندگان [English]

  • samira adeli 1
  • Hadi nadimi 2
1 PhD Candidate, University Lecturer, Saba Faculty of Art and Architecture, Kerman Shahid Bahonar University
2 Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University
چکیده [English]

Widely interpreted through different architectural discourses, form has emerged as a dynamic and slippery concept. Aiming at a rethinking of the concept in contemporary architectural discourse, the present paper explains theoretical bases and conceptual framework of considering form as an affordance. In order to do so, the paper starts with exploring some transforming influences on the contemporary concept of form, and moves on to introduce affordance as an interpretation of form corresponding the above influences. It then expands on the concept of affordance in order to explain some conceptual evolutions of its presence in the architectural discourse.
The paper ascertains a key role for the concept of meaning in rethinking form, and that with the introduction of affordance in architecture’s conceptual constellation comes a clarification of the meaning, providing responses to two key problems of meaning, namely, interactions between the subject and the object, and having a holistic view. This will result in a new understanding of the physical and the functional, aspect of architecture making way to go beyond their perceived schism. It is owing to drawing up new concepts of affordance, and the arousal of new concerns and considerations in architectural thought. Attempts are made here, therefore, to introduce concepts of action field, affordance layers, affordance domain, affordance quality, and affordance polarity, each reflecting the recent developments in architectural thought encountering the concept of affordance. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Form
  • affordance
  • meaning
  • physic
  • function
  • action

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 28 تیر 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 28 فروردین 1400

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