نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 کارشناس ارشد معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، ایران.
2 گروه آموزشی معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز ، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Background and objectives:
Colors have always played a prominent role in symbolism and the conveyance of aesthetic concepts in Iranian architecture. Despite numerous studies in this field, the primary focus of previous research has been on interior spaces and decorative elements such as stained-glass windows (Orosi), while systematic investigation of color in exterior facades—as an element reflecting aesthetic taste, social identity, and the status of owners—has received less attention. During the Qajar period, with the increasing focus on residential architecture, facades gained greater importance. This research was conducted with the aim of monitoring color selection methods and analyzing the extent and priority of color presence in the main facades of Qajar-era houses in Tabriz. Tabriz was selected due to its status as the crown prince's residence during the Qajar period and its possession of a rich and suitable collection of such buildings. The main research question is: Which color has the greatest presence in the facades of Qajar houses in Tabriz?
Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method, gathering information through library and field research. The statistical population consisted of 74 main facades of Qajar houses in Tabriz. By applying criteria of integrity and authenticity, 20 facades were selected as the final sample. Color data was captured using digital tools, including the Color Grab software, under controlled lighting conditions. The Munsell Color System served as the basis for color classification, and engineering and image processing software were used to draw the facades, assign colors, and perform quantitative calculations of colored surfaces.
Results and Conclusion:
The findings indicate that the color white, with an average of 57.40% of the total facade surfaces, accounts for the largest share. Following this, the colors red (22.27%), gray (8.82%), yellow (7.43%), blue (2.45%), green (0.98%), and purple (0.65%) are ranked in descending order. Data analysis also reveals that surfaces with naturally colored materials (74.81%) significantly outnumber painted surfaces (25.19%). The results confirm the predominance of whiteness in the exterior facades, which stands in meaningful contrast to the red-dominated interior spaces (particularly the Howz-khaneh). Factors such as the use of vernacular materials, climatic considerations, influence from emerging architectural styles, and the aesthetic taste of the residents played effective roles in formulating and selecting the color palette for the appearance of these buildings. Whiteness not only symbolized the well-being and affluence of the inhabitants but also provided a background for visual harmony and the showcasing of colorful decorative elements.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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