بررسی تاثیر مؤلفه‌های هندسی در طراحی رایانشی سازه‌های پوسته‌ای گسترش‌پذیر (مطالعه موردی: پوسته‌‌های مخروطی و مماسی)

Background and Objectives: With the rapid expansion of computational capabilities in architectural design, the integration of geometry, structural analysis, and digital fabrication has become a central factor in the generation of innovative shell forms. Geometry serves as the shared language between architecture and engineering, providing the foundation for organizing forces, defining form, and enhancing performance. Historically, from timber structures and Gothic cathedrals to twentieth-century concrete shells and geodesic domes, geometry has played a decisive role in shaping both aesthetics and efficiency. The emergence of computational design introduced algorithms, parametric modeling, and digital simulation, enabling the creation of complex, adaptive, and responsive forms. Within this context, developable shells have gained particular attention due to their geometric efficiency, adaptability, and ease of fabrication. Their ability to unfold into planar surfaces without distortion makes them highly suitable for digital fabrication and modular construction. The present study aims to identify and analyze the key geometric components involved in computational design and to examine how their interconnections contribute to the optimization of developable shell structures.
Materials and Methods: The research was conducted in two phases. First, a descriptive–analytical approach combined with a systematic literature review was used to extract theoretical foundations and identify principal geometric components relevant to computational design. Sources from recent decades in computational architecture, structural geometry, and shell design were examined to construct a conceptual model illustrating the relationships among points, lines, surfaces, and parametric rules. In the second phase, the conceptual model was validated through practical application. Two case studies were developed: a conical developable shell and a tangential developable shell, both modeled in the Rhino–Grasshopper environment. The workflow included defining base points, generating ruling lines, refining geometry through parametric adjustments, and subdividing surfaces into panels suitable for fabrication. Structural performance under applied loads was analyzed using the Karamba plugin, allowing evaluation of stress distribution, deformation patterns, and overall efficiency. This methodological framework enabled simultaneous consideration of geometric feasibility and structural behavior, ensuring that theoretical insights were tested against practical design scenarios.
Results and Conclusion: The findings highlight the decisive role of geometric component arrangement in determining feasibility, constructability, and structural optimization of developable shells. Variations in the definition and interconnection of points, lines, and surfaces produced significant differences in both appearance and efficiency. The case studies demonstrated that careful parametric refinement and panel subdivision enhance fabrication simplicity while maintaining structural integrity. Moreover, computational tools facilitated exploration of multiple design alternatives, enabling informed decision-making in selecting appropriate shell geometries. The study concludes that a deep understanding of geometric components, combined with advanced computational techniques, provides architects and engineers with a robust framework for designing shells that are aesthetically compelling, structurally efficient, and practically realizable. Ultimately, the research underscores the inseparable relationship between geometry and structure in computational design and suggests that systematic exploration of geometric components can significantly contribute to the evolution of innovative and adaptable architectural forms.