An Integrated Analysis of Rural Renewal PlansUsing DPSIR Method in Iran

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

3 PhD Candidate, Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Due to its multi-functional life-subsistence nature, the assessment and planning of rural housing is a complex issue. The varying tendencies of villagers from their housing over time, as well as non-participatory, positivist, top-down approaches of housing development programmes have exacerbated complexities and reduced efficiency, leading to inconsistencies between implementation and objectives, in terms ofboth process and content. Assessment is, therefore, a systematic pathological method, and can be used as an effective tool for improving and updating programmes. Accordingly, the agenda here is paying attention to the integrated analysis and rooting out the causes of possible content and process inconsistencies within the “Rural Improvement and Renewal plan”. Within the framework of evaluative research methodthrough a selected assessment model, and using random survey and targeted categorisation, 31provinces of the country were evaluated, using 4334 residential files, consisting of multiple criteria and indicators.The results show that despite the relative success of the Rural Improvement and Renewal Plan, the most important reasons for the inconsistency between design and implementation are the reluctance of design offices to design and promote appropriate, innovative, up-to-date and need-based models, a shortage of attention to livelihood-based housing and subsistence-related needs in design.One can also mention the inefficiency and incorrect implementation mechanisms for allocating quotas and recognising the eligibility of applicants, the damages in design, implementation, and supervision stages and the inadequacy of local work forces with increasing the workloadscaused by the plan.Other issues are holding duplicate, irrelevanttraining courses in some areas,and inefficient implementation of empowerment plans by local authorities as well as financial debts and arrears. To conclude, a set of strategic principles are proposed to improve and enhance the mechanisms of special plans.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Ahmadi, Amir, et al. “Analyzing the Effects of Improvement and Rural Housing Rehabilitation Plan on the Quality of Life of Residents of Urmia Rural Areas”. Journal of Environmental Science Studies, vol. 2, no. 2 (2017): 433-445. (In Persian)
Ahn, M. and S.J. Lee. “Housing Satisfaction of Older (55+) Single-person Householders in US Rural Communities”. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 35(8) (2016): 878-911.
Azizi, MohammadMahdi. Assessment and Revision of Assessment of Rural Renewal Plan. Research project approved by the Deputy of rural reconstruction and housing affairs. Housing Foundation of Islamic Revolution, 2008. (In Persian)
Azizpour, F. and Z. Sadeghi. “The Assessment of the Effects of Implementing Special Improvement Plan on Rural Housing Development (Case Study: Abrisham Rural District)”. JHRE, vol. 37, no. 164 (2019): 3-12. (In Persian) 
Baehler, K. “Evaluation and the Policy Cycle”. in Evaluating Policy and Practice: Section 1.4, A New Zealand Reader, Eds N. Lunt, C. Davidson, and K. McKegg, Auckland: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2003
Bredenoord. J. “Sustainable Building Materials for Low-cost Housing and the Challenges Facing their Technological Developments: Examples and Lessons Regarding Bamboo, Earth-Block Technologies, Building Blocks of Recycled Materials, and Improved Concrete Panels”. J Archit Eng Tech, 6(1) (2017): 187.
Farhadi Gholianlu, Mohammadyar. “Evaluation of Rural Housing Rehabilitation Program Loans Impact on the Rural Built environment: A SWOT Analysis of Nodeh Village, Bojnord, Iran”. JHRE, vol. 35, no. 153 (2016): 73-82. (In Persian).
Giannetti, Biagio F., et al. “Towards More Sustainable Social Housing Projects: Recognizing the Importance of Using Local Resources”. Building and Environment, 127 (2018): 187-203.
Hannula, Emma-Liisa, et al. Going Green: a Handbook of Sustainable Housing Practices in Developing Countries. UN-HABITAT, 2012.
Housing Foundation of Islamic Revolution. Assessment of Rural Renewal Plan, Deputy of rural reconstruction and housing affairs, Department of Rural Housing Studies and Research, 2014. (In Persian).
Imani Jajarmi, Hossein, Anvar Mohammadi, and Saadiye Salehi. “Assessing the Socioeconomic and Environmental Impacts of Credits for Upgrading and Renovating of Rural Housing Plan (Case study: Villages of Dowlatabad Rural District, Ravansar County)”. Physical Social Planning, vol. 6, no. 1 (2019): 39-55. (In Persian).
Institute of Development Studies, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR). Comparative Study of Rural Housing Improvement (India, China and Türkiye). Report of the research project approved by the Deputy of rural reconstruction and housing affairs, Housing Foundation of Islamic Revolution, 2011. (In Persian).
Laurian, Lucie, et al. “Evaluating the Outcomes of Plans: Theory, Practice and Methodology”. Environmental and Planning B: Planning and Design, 37(4) (2010): 740-757.
Maliene, V. and N. Malys. “High-quality Housing—A Key Issue in Delivering Sustainable Communities”. Building and Environment, 44(2) (2009): 426-430.
Meng. G., et al. “Assessing Housing Quality in Metropolitan Lima, Peru”. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 21(4) (2006): 413-439.
Mohit, M.A. and N. Nazyddah. “Social Housing Programme of Selangor Zakat Board of Malaysia and Housing Satisfaction”. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 26(2) (2011): 143-164.
National Affordable Homes Agency. “721 Housing Quality Indicators (HQI) Form”. published Map 2007 and updated April 2008.
National Rural Housing Coalition. The Mutual Self- Help Housing Program Reflecting on 50 Years of Success, 2015.
Office of Research University of Tehran. Rural Housing Research Master Plan. Research report of Deputy of rural reconstruction and housing affairs Housing Foundation of Islamic Revolution, 2011. (In Persian).
Pourtaheri, M. and S. Hemmati. “Comparative Assessment of the Sustainability of Rural Housing in the Old and New Textures of Rural Areas: A Case Study in Villages of Central Area of Kabudarahang County”. Journal of Sustainable Rural Development, 1(1) (2017): 69-82.
Rossi, P.H., M.W. Lipsey, and H.E. Freeman. Evaluation: A Systematic Approach. Sage publications, 2003.
Roumiani, Ahmad, et al. “Structural-Functional Analysis of the Rural Housing Using Sustainable Development Approach (Case Study: in Eastern Roumeshkhan County, Kuhdasht township)”. JHRE, vol. 37, no. 162 (2018):55-70. (In Persian)
SartipiPour, Mohsen, Sahar Nedae Tousi, and Sima Saadat Shourak Haji. “Assessment of Rural Renewal Plan from the Perspective of Sustainable and Desirable Rural Housing Criteria”. Journal of Fine Arts: Architecture & Urban Planning, vol. 24, no. 1 (2019): 29-44. (In Persian)
SartipiPour, Mohsen, et al. Studies of the second phase of ‘Assessment of rural renewal plan “in order to develop a performance improvement document. Research project approved by the Deputy of rural reconstruction and housing affairs, Housing Foundation of Islamic Revolution, 2017. (In Persian)
Selim, et al. Program Assessment Handbook: Guidelines for Planning and Implementing Quality Enhancing Efforts of Program and Student Learning Outcomes. 2008.
Sharifzadegan, MohammadHossein, Sahar Nedae Tousi, et al. Regional Development and Strategic Environmental Assessment: Theoretical Foundations, Concepts and Methods. Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University Press, 2017. (In Persian)
UN-Habitat. Sustainable Housing for Sustainable Cities: A Policy Framework for Developing Countries. UN Habitat, 2012.
Zebardast, E. “The Housing Domain of Quality of Life and Life Satisfaction in the Spontaneous Settlements on the Tehran Metropolitan Fringe”. Social Indicators Research, 90(2) (2009): 307-324.
 

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 30 June 2021
  • Revise Date: 28 November 2021
  • Accept Date: 01 January 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics