Understanding the Concurrent Effect of the Building Facade Glazing Percentage and ‎Orientation on Energy Consumption of Schools in Iran

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Faculty of Architecture and Urban Studies, Art University of Isfahan

2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Design, Art University of Isfahan

3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University

Abstract

Orientation and the building facade glazing percentage are two parameters necessary ‎to be considered during the early stages of architectural design in order to determine the ‎location of the building on site and control the balance between the transparent and opaque ‎parts of its envelope. The aim of this research is‏ ‏to specify the optimum‏ ‏values of orientation and ‎glazing percentage of building facade and finding the effect of deviating the variables from the ‎optimum values on the total building energy consumption. The cases of this research are the ‎schools constructed based on the current standards and specifications of‏ ‏Iran’s Organization for ‎Renovating and Developing Schools in humid temperate climate. Due to interrelation between ‎these two parameters, their impacts are studied concurrently. Research questions are:‎
‎1-What is the optimum orientation angle and facade glazing percentage of school buildings in ‎designated climate, in terms of the lowest energy consumption? 2-What is the sensitivity factor ‎of these variables in different situations on total energy consumption of the building? 3-What is ‎the differences of changes due to deviation from the optimum values, for each parameter? ‎
In this research the Latin Hyper-cube method is used for sampling the input values; and ‎Designbuilder program with Energy Plus simulation engine is used for modeling and analysis. ‎According to the results of this study south-facing buildings have the optimum orientation with ‎whatever glazing percentage. However, the optimum glazing percentage depends on the ‎building orientation and would differ from 40 to 55 percent. This study shows that increasing ‎the glazing percentage of school buildings up until 40 percent for east–oriented buildings has the ‎most significant sensitive effect on building energy consumption, whereas increasing it more ‎than this value didn’t show a considerable effect.

Keywords

References

استاندارد برچسب انرژی. ساختمان‌های غیرمسکونی ISIRI 14254 1st edition. Retrieved 2018، سازمان انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر و بهره‌وری انرژی برق، 1395: http://www.saba.org.ir/fa/masrafeEnergy/sakhteman/standards/isiri
اسناد و مدارک شرکت توزیع نیروی برق استان گیلان، 2016.
اسناد و مدارک شرکت ملی گاز ایران، 2016.
سازمان هواشناسی کشور، اطلاعات هواشناسی ایستگاه سینوپتیک رشت: IRIMO. (2016).
عظمتی، علی‌اکبر و حسین حسینی. «بررسی تأثیر جهت‌گیری ساختمان‌های آموزشی بر بارهای حرارتی و برودتی در اقلیم‌های مختلف»، در علوم و تکنولوژی محیط زیست، ش 2 (تابستان 1392)، ص 147-157.
کسمایی، مرتضی. اقلیم و معماری، تهران: چاپ اسکان سرا، 1378.
نقشه‌های سازمان نوسازی مدارس استان گیلان.
Abanda, F.H. & L. Byers. “An Investigation of the Impact of Building Orientation on Energy Consumption in a Domestic Building Using Emerging BIM (Building Information Modelling)”, in Energy, 97 (2016), 517-527. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.Energy.2015.12.135
Al-Fahmawee, E. “Analyzing the Impact of Floor Height and Building Orientation on Atria Daylighting Levels”, in Appl Sci “Natural Sci Series”, 11(1) (2013), pp. 75-88.
Bambardekar, S.P. & Ute Poerschke. “The Architect as performer of Energy Simulation in the Performance Based Design. Building Simulation”, in Paper Presented at the Eleventh International IBPSA Conference, Sydney, Australia, 2009.
Donn, M. & S. Selkowitz & B. Bordass. “Simulation in the Service of Design – Asking the Right Questions”, in Building Simulation Paper Presented at the Eleventh International IBPSA Conference, Sydney, Australia, 2010.
Eskin, N. & H. Turkmen. “Analysis of Annual Heating and Cooling Energy Requirements for Office Buildings in Different Climates in Turkey”, in Energy and Buildings, 40 (2008), pp. 763-773.
Garcia-Hansen, V. & A. Esteves & A. Pattini. “Passive Solar Systems for Heating, Daylighting and Ventilation for Rooms without an Equator-facing Façade”, in Renewable Energy, 26(1) (2002), pp. 91-111. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0960-1481(01)00089-1
Ghisi, E. & J.A. Tinker. “An Ideal Window Area Concept for Energy Efficient Integration of Daylight and Artificial Light in Buildings”, in Building and Environment, 40(1) (2005), pp. 51-61. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2004.04.004
Goia, F. “Search for the Optimal Window-to-wall Ratio in Office Buildings in Different European Climates and the Implications on Total Energy Saving Potential”, in Solar Energy, 132 (2016), pp. 467-492. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2016.03.031
Inanici, M.N. & F.N. Demirbilek. “Thermal Performance Optimization of Building Aspect Ratio and South Window Size in Five Cities Having Different Climatic Characteristics of Turkey”, in Building and Environment, 35(1) (2000), pp. 41-52. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0360-1323(99)00002-
Jaber, S. & S. Ajib. “Optimum, Technical and Energy Efficiency Design of Residential Building in Mediterranean Region”, in Energy and Buildings, 43(8) (2011), pp. 1829-1834. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.03.024
Kunz, S. Meteonorm (Version 6), Bern Switzerland, 2015.
Lee, J.W. & H.J. Jung & J.Y. Park & J.B. Lee & Y. Yoon. “Optimization of Building Window System in Asian Regions by Analyzing Solar Heat Gain and Daylighting Elements”, in Renewable Energy, 50 (2013), pp. 522-531. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.07.029
Leskovar, V.Ž. & M. Premrov. “An Approach in Architectural Design of Energy-efficient Timber Buildings with a Focus on the Optimal Glazing Size in the South-oriented Façade”, in Energy and Buildings, 43(12) (2011), pp. 3410-3418. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.09.003
Liggett, R. & M. Milne. Climate Consultant (Version 6.0), 2017.
Mardookhy, M. & R. Sawhney & S. Ji & X. Zhu & W. Zhou. “A Study of Energy Efficiency in Residential Buildings in Knoxville, Tennessee”, in Journal of Cleaner Production, 85 (2014), pp. 241-249. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.09.025
Marsh, A.G. “Generative and Performative Design: A Challenging New Role for Modern Architects”, in Paper Presented at the Oxford Conference, Oxford, UK, 2008.
Morrissey, J. & T. Moore & R.E. Horne. “Affordable Passive Solar Design in a Temperate Climate: An Experiment in Residential Building Orientation”, in Renewable Energy, 36(2) (2011), pp. 568-577. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2010.08.013
Motuziene, V. & E.S. Juodis. “Simulation Based Complex Energy Assessment of Office Building Fenestration”, in Civil Engineering and Management, 16(3) (2010), pp. 345-351.
Nasrollahi, F. “Economic and Ecologic Method of Energy Efficiency in Office Buildings”, in Paper Presented at the World Sustainable Building Conference, Helsinki, Finland, 2011.
Özkan, D.B. & C. Onan. “Optimization of Insulation Thickness for Different Glazing Areas in Buildings for Various Climatic Regions in Turkey”, in Applied Energy, 88(4) (2011), pp. 1331-1342. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apEnergy.2010.10.025
Persson, M-L. & A. Roos & M. Wall. “Influence of Window Size on the Energy Balance of Low Energy Houses”, in Energy and Buildings, 38(3) (2006), pp. 181-188. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2005.05.006
Rubel, F. & M. Kottek. “Observed and Projected Climate Shifts 1901-2100 Depicted by World Maps of the Köppen-geiger Climate Classification”, in Meteorol, 19(1) (2010), pp. 135-141. doi: 10.1127/0941-2948/2010/0430
SIMLAB-V2.2. Simulation Environment for Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis: the Joint Research Center of the European Commission, 2011.
Stegou-Sagia, A., & K. Antonopoulos & C. Angelopoulou & G. Kotsiovelos. “The Impact of Glazing on Energy Consumption and Comfort”, in Energy Convers Manage, 48(11) (2007), pp. 44-52. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2007.07.005
Susorova, I. & M. Tabibzadeh & A. Rahman & H.L. Clack & M. Elnimeiri. “The Effect of Geometry Factors on Fenestration Energy Performance and Energy Savings in Office Buildings”, in Energy and Buildings, 57 (2013), pp. 6-13. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.10.035
Tian, W. “A Review of Sensitivity Analysis Methods in Building Energy Analysis”, in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 20(1) (2013), pp. 411-419.
Tindale, A. & S. Potter. Design Builder (Version v4), London,UK: DesignBuilder, Software Ltd, 2015. Retrieved from http://www.Designbuilder.co.uk/
Tzempelikos, A. & A.K. Athienitis & P. Karava. “Simulation of Façade and Envelope Design Options for a New Institutional Building”, in Solar Energy, 81(9) (2007), pp. 1088-1103. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2007.02.006
Vartiainen, E. & K. Peippo & P. Lund. “Daylight Optimization of Multifunctional Solar Facades”, in Solar Energy, 68(3) (2000), pp. 223-235. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0038-092X(99)00072-9
Xu, X. & D. Yuan & H. Sha & Y. Ji & P. Xu. “Energy Consumption Simulation of the Prototypical Building for Optimizing the Orientation of the Building Model in the Simulated Environment”, in Paper Presented at the The International Building Performance Simulation Association (ASim2012 Proceedings), Shanghai, China, 2012.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 10 January 2021
  • Accept Date: 10 January 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics