Towards an Operational Framework of Crowd Evacuation Simulation in Historic Bazaars in Fire Disasters

Document Type : Original Article

Author

PhD Candidate, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University

Abstract

Fire disasters have always threatened Iran’s historic bazaars. There is a need, therefore, for more in-depth speculations about how to evacuate physically, socially and culturally complex bazaars in emergency situations, particularly as they do not comply with modern safety standards. In this context, simulation is a helpful tool to optimise the planning of emergency evacuation. It can highlight constraints such as bottlenecks, narrow passageways and obstacles (goods, certain functions and flammable substances), so that authorities can devise evacuation strategies beforehand. It is necessary, however, to have a workable framework of evacuation which takes people’s behavioural patterns into account, prior to simulation. Since any proposed framework initially focuses on interactions between people and their built environments, there are no considerations about fire and smoke spread rates. The present proposed framework aims at recognition of prerequisites of evacuation simulation in historic bazaars. The paper is based on field studies on Tabriz and Istanbul bazaars, as well as library studies focused on concepts of emergency evacuation, crowd-caused crises and effective building properties, in order to identify practical simulation requirements. Recognising the importance of interactions between people and their built environments, the paper concludes that two key issues of physical environments on one hand, and human-psychological factors on the other must be taken into account in simulation processes.

Keywords

References

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Soffeh
Volume 29, Issue 3 - Serial Number 86
September 2019
Pages 101-119

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History

  • Receive Date: 26 December 2018
  • Revise Date: 24 January 2021
  • Accept Date: 31 December 2020

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