A Proposal for Key Sustainability Credit Assessment Criteria to Update and Develop International Ranking Systems for Green Buildings

Document Type : علمی - پژوهشی

Author

As they are mainly focused on the environmental side of sustainability, a concentration on green certificates’ credit systems risks neglecting the bigger picture. From this point of view, it is necessary to develop key credit

Abstract

As they are mainly focused on the environmental side of sustainability, a concentration on green certificates’ credit systems risks neglecting the bigger picture. From this point of view, it is necessary to develop key credit criteria and define a framework for key measures in a way that the triple aspects of sustainability are assessed in a balanced manner in ranking. The aim of this research is to propose measurable, key credit criteria to correspond with all three aspects, in order to update current ranking systems. In order to do so, and after determining the objectives of sustainable building based on the three aspects of sustainability, and the recognition of key criteria through a worldwide study of eight ranking systems, the credit criteria were tested against the three measures in order to spot overlaps and shortages. On that basis, seven key criteria were recognised: energy, water, sustainable site, materials, waste and pollution, internal air quality, and the development and management of new systems. Of those, the two latter cover social parameters, and the five former cover environmental ones. Furthermore, five complementary measures were recognised: education and awareness of sustainability, and protection of physical resources covering the social parameter, and initial, consumption and recycling costs covering the economic parameter. These were referred to in the research but were not found among studied tools. A total of 12 key economic, social and environmental criteria are, therefore, proposed to form a basis of environmental building assessment, in order to update and develop ranking systems.

Keywords


  1. Abeysundara, U.Y. & S. Babel & S. Gheewala. “A Matrix in Life Cycle Perspective for Selecting Sustainable Materials for Building s in Sri Lanka”, in Building and Environment, 44(5) (2009), pp. 997-1004.
  2. Akadiri, P.O. & E.A. Chinyio & P.O. Olomolaiye. “Design of a Sustainable Building : A Conceptual Framework for Implementing Sustainability in the Building Sector”, in Building s, 2(2) (2012), pp. 126-152.
  3. Ali, H.H. & S.F. Al Nsairat. “Developing a Green Building Assessment Tool for Developing Countriese Case of Jordan”, in Build. Environ, 44 (5) (2009), pp. 1053-1064.
  4. Alliance, A.H. “Active House the Specifications for Residential Buildings”, in Brussels: Active House Alliance, (2013), Accessed at: http://www.activehouse.info/download-specifications (23.08.2014).
  5. Alyami, S.H. & Y. Rezgui. “Sustainable Building Assessment Tool Development Approach”, in Sustainable Cities and Society, 5 (2012), pp. 52-62.
  6. Arpke, A. & K. Strong. “A Comparison of Life Cycle Cost Analyses for a Typical College Dormitory Using Subsidized Versus Full-cost Pricing of Water”, in Ecological Economics, 58(1) (2006), pp. 66-78.
  7. Asdrubali, F. & G. Baldinelli & F. Bianchi & S. Sambuco. “A Comparison between Environmental Sustainability Rating Systems LEED and ITACA for Residential Buildings”, in Building and Environment, 86 (2015), pp. 98-108.
  8. Asokan, P. & M. Osmani & A.D. Price. “Assessing the Recycling Potential of Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic Waste in Concrete and Cement Composites”, in Journal of Cleaner Production, 17(9) (2009), pp. 821-829.
  9. Baum,M. & U.G.B. Council. “Green Building Research Funding: An Assessment of Current Activity in the United States.Washington, DC: US Green Building Council”, in Brazilian Journal of Science and Technology,3(1) (2007), p. 3.
  10. Berardi, U. “Clarifying the New Interpretations of the Concept of Sustainable Building”, in Sustainable Cities and Society, 8 (2013), pp. 72-78.
  11. ________ . “Sustainability Assessments of Building s, Communities, and Cities”, in Kleme_S, J.J. (ed.), Assessing and Measuring Environmental Impact and Sustainability. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK, 2015, pp. 497-545.
  12. BREEAM. BREEAM Homepage, Retrieved 10 February 2017, http://www.breeam.com/
  13. Building Construction Authority. BCA Green Mark for New Non-residential Building s Version NRB/4.1, Retrieved from Singapore, 2013.
  14. Building Construction Authority. BCA Green Mark for New Non-residential Building s Version NRB/4.1, Retrieved from Singapore, 2013.
  15. Building Research Establishment Environment Assessment Method. BREEAM International New Construction Technical Manual (SD 5075 1.0:2013), Retrieved 2014.
  16. CASBEE. An Overview of CASBEE, 2015.
  17. Chan, E.H. & Q.K. Qian & P.T. Lam. “The Market for Green Building in Developed Asian Cities—the Perspectives of Building Designers”, in Energy Policy, 37(8) (2009), pp. 3061-3070.
  18. Chandratilake, S. & W. Dias. “Ratio Based Indicators and Continuous Score Functions for Better Assessment of Building Sustainability”, in Energy 83, 137-143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.02.007.
  19. Cole, R. & K. Larsson. “GBC ’98 and GB Tool”, in Build. Res. Inf., 27 (1999), pp. 221–229.
  20. Dale, A. & L. Newman. “Sustainable Development, Education and Literacy”, in International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 6(4) (2005), pp. 351-362.
  21. DETR, Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions.
  22. Dimoudi, A. & C. Tompa. “Energy and Environmental Indicators Related to Construction of Office Buildings”, in Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 53(1) (2008), pp. 86-95.
  23. Ding, G.K. “Sustainable Construction—The Role of Environmental Assessment Tools”, in Journal of Environmental Management, 86(3) (2008), pp. 451-464.
  24. Dlouha, J. & M. Pospišilova. “Education for Sustainable Development Goals in Public Debate: The Importance of Participatory Research in Reflecting and Supporting the Consultation Process in Developing a Vision for Czech Education”, in Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017, accessed at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652617313148?via%3Dihub
  25. Doan, D.T. & A. Ghaffarianhoseini & N. Naismith & T. Zhang & A. Ghaffarianhoseini & J. Tookey. “A Critical Comparison of Green Building Rating Systems”, in Building and Environment, 123 (2017), pp. 243-260.
  26. Emmitt, S. & D.T. Yeomans. Specifying Building s: A Design Manangement Perspective, Routledge, 2008.
  27. Giudice, F. & G. La Rosa & A. Risitano. “Materials Selection in the Life -cycle Design Process: A Method to Integrate Mechanical and Environmental Performances in Optimal Choice”, in Materials & Design, 26(1) (2005), pp. 9-20.
  28. Government CR. Czech Republic 2030: Strategic framework (Draft), Government Office, 2016.
  29. Gowri, K. “Green Building Rating Systems: An Overview”, in ASHRAE Journal, 46(11) (2004), p. 56.
  30. Green Building Council of Australia (GBCA). Green Star Project Directory, 2015.
  31. Haberl, H. & N.B. Schulz & C. Plutzar & K.H. Erb & F. Krausmann & W. Loibl & P. Zulka,… . “Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production and Species Diversity in Agricultural Landscapes”, in Agriculture, EcoSystems & Environment, 102(2) (2004), pp. 213-218.
  32. Halliday, S. Sustainable Construction, Routledge, 2008.
  33. Hamid, Z.A. & M.Z.M. Zain & F.C. Hung & M.S.M. Noor & A.F. Roslan & N.M. Kilau & M.C. Ali. Towards a National Green Building Rating System for Malaysia’, 2014.
  34. Hill, R.C. & P.A. Bowen. “Sustainable Construction: Principles and a Framework for Attainment”, in Construction Management & Economics, 15(3) (1997), pp. 223-239.
  35. Huberman, N. & D. Pearlmutter. “A Life-cycle Energy Analysis of Building Materials in the Negev Desert”, in Energy and Building s, 40(5) (2008), pp. 837-848.
  36. Ilha, M.S.D.O. & L.H.D. Oliveira & O.M. Goncalves. “Environmental Assessment of Residential Building s with an Emphasis on Water Conservation”, in Building Services Engineering Research and Technology, 30(1) (2009), pp. 15-26.
  37. Illankoon, I.C.S. & V.W. Tam & K.N. Le & L. Shen. “Key Credit Criteria Among International Green Building Rating Tools”, in Journal of Cleaner Production, 164 (2017), pp. 209-220.
  38. Indian Green Building Council (IGBC). Indian Green New Building Rating System (Version 3.0), India, 2015.
  39. Jacobi, P.R. & R.F. Toledo & E. Grandisoli. “Education, Sustainability and Social Learning”, in Brazilian Journal of Science and Technology, 3(3) (December 2016).
  40. Jain, S. & P. Aggarwal & N. Sharma & P. Sharma. “Fostering Sustainability through Education, Research and Practice: A Case Study of TERI University”, in Journal of Cleaner Production, 61 (2013), pp. 20-24.
  41. Japanese Sustainable Buidling Consortium, & Institute for Building Environment and Energy Conservation (JSBC & IBEEC). CASBEE for Building New Construction, 2014 edition (Retrieved from).
  42. Kadji-Beltran, C. & N. Christodoulou & A. Zachariou & P. Lindemann-Matthies & S. Barker & C. Kadis. “An ESD Pathway to Quality Education in the Cyprus Primary Education Context”, in Environmental Education Research, (28 Oct 2016), pp. 1015-1031.
  43. Kibert, C.J. Sustainable Construction: Green Building Design and Delivery, John Wiley & Sons, 2016.
  44. Lackney, J.A. “Reading a School Like a Book: the Influence of the Physical School Setting on Learning and Literacy”, in 4th Annual PREPS Winter Conference: Literacy for the New Century, 1999.
  45. Lee, W.L. & H. Chen. “Benchmarking Hong Kong and China Energy Codes for Residential Buildings”, in Energy and Building s, 40(9) (2008), pp. 1628-1636.
  46. Lee, W.L. “A Comprehensive Review of Metrics of Building Environmental Assessment Schemes”, in Energy and Building s, 62 (2013), pp. 403-413.
  47. LEED. LEED Homepage, 2017.
  48. Lenzen, M. & G. Treloar. “Embodied Energy in Building s: Wood Versus Concrete— Reply to Börjesson and Gustavsson”, in Energy Policy, 30(3) (2002), pp. 249-255.
  49. Liu, J. & G.K. Ding & B. Samali. “Building Sustainable Score (BSS)-A Hybrid Process Approach for Sustainable Building Assessment in China”, in Journal of Power and Energy Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 5 (2013), pp. 58-62.
  50. Liu, Y. & D. Prasad & J. Li & Y. Fu & J. Liu. “Developing Regionally Specific Environmental Building Tools for China”, in Building Research & Information, 34(4) (2006), pp. 372-386.
  51. Lombera, J.T.S.J. & J.C. Rojo. “Industrial Building Design Stage Based on a System Approach to their Environmental Sustainability”, in Construction and Building Materials, 24(4) (2010), pp. 438-447.
  52. Luppi, E. “Training to Education for Sustainable Development through E-Learning”, in Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15 (2011), pp. 3244-3251.
  53. Matthews, E. & C. Amann & S. Bringezu & W. Hüttler & C. Ottke & E. Rodenburg & H. Weisz… . “The Weight of Nations-material Outflows from Industrial Economies”, in World Resources Institute, Washington DC: World Resources Institute, 2000.
  54. McCormack, M. & G.J. Treloar & L. Palmowski & R. Crawford. “Modelling Direct and Indirect Water Requirements of Construction”, in Building Research and Information, 35(2) (2007), pp. 156-162.
  55. Mitchell, L.M. “Green Star and NABERS: Learning from the Australian Experience with Green Building Rating Tools”, in ENERGY EFFICIENT, 93 (2010).
  56. Miyatake, Y. “Technology Development and Sustainable Construction”, in Journal of Management in Engineering, 12(4) (1996), pp. 23-27.
  57. Mochizuki, Y. & Z. Fadeeva. “Competences for Sustainable Development and Sustainability: Significance and Challenges for ESD”, in International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 11(4) (2010), pp. 391–403.
  58. Moncada, L.G.G. & F. Asdrubali & A. Rotili. “Influence of New Factors on Global Energy Prospects in the Medium Term: Compar Ison Among the 2010, 2011 and 2012 Editions of the IEA’s World Energy Outlook Reports”, in Economics and Policy of Energy and the Environment, 3 (2013), pp. 1-23.
  59. Osmani, M. & J. Glass & A.D. Price. “Architects’ Perspectives on Construction Waste Reduction by Design”, in Waste Management, 28(7) (2008), pp. 1147-1158.
  60. Öberg, M. Integrated Life Cycle Design-applied to Concrete Multi-dwelling Buildings, Division of Building Materials, LTH, Lund University, 2005.
  61. Papajohn, D. & C. Brinker & M.E. Asmar. “Uncovering Key Criteria to Assess Sustainability Rating Systems for the Built Environment”, in Construction Research Congress 2016, pp. 1303-1312.
  62. PRME. Transformational Model for PRME Implementation, 2016.
  63. Raynsford, N. “Building a Better Quality of Life : A Strategy for More Sustainable Construction”, in Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, London, 2000.
  64. Reed, R. & A. Krajinovic-Bilos. “An Examination of International Sustainability Rating Tools: an Update”, in 19th PRRES Pacific Rim Real Estate Society Conference, 2013.
  65. Riedy, C. & A.J. Lederwasch & N. Ison. Defining Zero Emission Building S-review and Recommendations, Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS, 2011.
  66. Roodman, D.M. & N.K. Lenssen & J.A. Peterson. A Building Revolution: How Ecology and Health Concerns Are Transforming Construction, Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute, 2000.
  67. Ruggieri, L. & E. Cadena & J. Martinez-Blanco & C.M. Gasol & J. Rieradevall & X. Gabarrell, & A. Sanchez… . “Recovery of Organic Wastes in the Spanish Wine Industry, Technical, Economic and Environmental Analyses of the Composting Process”, in Journal of Cleaner Production, 17(9) (2009), pp. 830-838.
  68. Runde, T. & S. Thoyre. “Integating Sustainability and Green Building into the Appraisal Process”, in Journal of Sustainable Real Estate, 2(1) (2010), pp. 221-248.
  69. Salehudin, M.S. & D.K. Prasad & P.W. Osmond & M.T. Khamis. “Sustainable Resort Development: Malaysian Case Studies”, in Paper presented at the International Conference on Tourism Management and Tourism Related Issues, Nice, France, 2012.
  70. San-Jose,_E.J. & R. Losada & J. Cuadrado & I. Garrucho. “Approach to the Quantification of the Sustainable Value in Industrial Buildings”, in Build. Environ, 42 (11) (2007), pp. 3916-3923.
  71. Schimschar, S. & K. Blok & T. Boermans & A. Hermelink. “Germany’s Path towards Nearly Zero-Energy Building S—Enabling the Green House Gas Mitigation Potential in the Building Stock”, in Energy Policy, 39(6) (2011), pp. 3346-3360.
  72. Sev, A. “How Can the Construction Industry Contribute to Sustainable Development? A Conceptual Framework”, in Sustainable Development, 17(3) (2009), pp. 161-173.
  73. Shari, Z. & V. Soebarto. “Green vs. Sustainability Performance Assessment: A Case Study of an Office Building in Putrajaya, Malaysia”, in Paper Presented at the PLEA Conference (28th: 2012: Lima, Peru).
  74. Shari, Z. Development of a Sustainability Assessment Framework for Malaysian Office Buildings Using a Mixed-methods Approach, PhD thesis, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia, 2011.
  75. Shen, LY. & V.W. Tam & L. Tam & Y.B. Ji. “Project Feasibility Study: The Key to Successful Implementation of Sustainable and Socially Responsible Construction Management Practice”, in Journal of Cleaner Production, 18(3) (2010), pp. 254-259.
  76. Spence, R. & H. Mulligan. “Sustainable Development and the Construction Industry”, in Habitat international, 19(3) (1995), pp. 279-292.
  77. Tam, C.M. & V.W. Tam & W.S. Tsui. “Green Construction Assessment for Environmental Management in the Construction Industry of Hong Kong”, in International Journal of Project Management, 22(7) (2004), pp. 563-571.
  78. Tan, Y. & L. Shen & H. Yao. “Sustainable Construction Practice and Contractors’ Competitiveness: A Preliminary Study”, in Habitat International, 35(2) (2011), pp. 225-230.
  79. Tascı, B.G. “Sustainability Education by Sustainable School Design”, in Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 186 (2015), pp. 868-873.
  80. Thormark, C. “The Effect of Material Choice on the Total Energy Need and Recycling Potential of a Building”, in Building and Environment, 41(8) (2006), pp. 1019-1026.
  81. Tseng, M.L. & Y.H. Lin & A.S. Chiu. “Fuzzy AHP-based Study of Cleaner Production Implementation in Taiwan PWB Manufacturer”, in Journal of Cleaner Production, 17(14) (2009), pp. 1249-1256.
  82. Turk, A.M. “The Benefits Associated with ISO 14001 Certification for Construction Firms: Turkish Case”, in Journal of Cleaner Production, 17(5) (2009), pp. 559-569.
  83. U.S. Environment Protection Agency [EPA]. Green Building, 2014.
  84. UE4SD. Leading Practice Publication: Professional Development of University Educators on Education for Sustainable Development in European Countries, Vol. 2015, Charles University in Prague, Prague, 2015.
  85. Ugwu, O.O. & M.M. Kumaraswamy & A. Wong & S.T. Ng. “Sustainability Appraisal in Infrastructure Projects (SUSAIP): Part 1. Development of Indicators and Computational Methods”, in Automation in Construction, 15(2) (2006), pp. 239-251.
  86. UN. Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, 2015.
  87. Uncapher, L.M. & L.H. Lovins & M. Cureton & W.D.B. Wiley. “Green Development: Integrating Ecology and Real Estate”, in Construction Management and Economics, 18 (2000), pp. 969-971.
  88. UN-DESA. Education. Division for Sustainable Development, UN-DESA, 2017, Retrieved from https://Sustainable Development.un.org/topics/education.
  89. Unesco. “United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005-2014): International Implementation Scheme”, in Journal of Education for Sustainable Development 3:1 (2009), Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, 2005, pp. 87–97.
  90. United States Green Building Council [USGBC]. LEED, 2015.
  91. Vierra, S. Green Building Standards and Certification Systems,Washington DC: Steven Winter Associates, Inc, 2011.
  92. Vyas, G.S. & K.N. Jha. “Identification of Green Building Attributes for the Development of an Assessment Tool: A Case Study in India”, in Civ. Eng. Environ. Syst, 33 (4) (2016), pp. 313-334.
  93. Wei, B. & B. Zhang & W. Luo. “Research on Assessment Method of Green Buildings in China”, in Paper Presented at the ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, 2010.
  94. Wilson, A. & J.L. Uncapher & L. McManigal & H.L. Lovins & M. Cureton & W.D. Browning. Green Development: Integrating Ecology and Real Estate, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.: New York, NY,USA, 1998.
  95. World Green Building Council (WGBC), 2015, http://www.worldgbc.org/
  96. Wong, J.K.W. & J. Zhou. “Enhancing Environmental Sustainability over Building Life Cycles through Green BIM: A Review”, in Automation in Construction, 57 (2015), pp. 156-165.
  97. Woodward, D.G. “Life Cycle Costing—Theory, Information Acquisition and Application”, in International Journal of Project Management, 15(6) (1997), pp. 335-344.
  98. World Energy Outlook. IEA, International Energy Agency, 2013.
  99. Yahya, K. & H. Boussabaine. “Quantifying Environmental Impacts and Eco-costs from Brick Waste”, in Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 6(3) (2010), pp. 189-206.
  100. Ye, L. & Z. Cheng & Q. Wang & H. Lin & C. Lin & B. Liu. “Developments of Green Building Standards in China”, in Renew. Energy, 73 (2015), pp. 115-122.
  101. Yeheyis, M. & K. Hewage & M.S. Alam & C. Eskicioglu & R. Sadiq. “An Overview of Construction and Demolition Waste Management in Canada: A Life Cycle Analysis Approach to Sustainability”, in Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 15(1) (2013), pp. 81-91.
  102. Zhang, Y. & J. Wang & F. Hu & Y. Wang. “Comparison of Evaluation Standards for Green Building in China, Britain, United States”, in Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 68 (2017), pp. 262-271.
  103. Zuo, J. & Z.Y. Zhao. “Green Building Research– Current Status and Future Agenda: A Review”, in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 30 (2014), pp. 271-281.