Shahid Beheshti University Soffeh 1683-870X 24 3 2014 11 22 Theory Types in Architecture Theory Types in Architecture 5 16 100239 FA Saeed Asgharzadeh Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology Journal Article 2015 09 16 A review of architectural history demonstrates willingness on part of architects to theorize. Nevertheless, due to its particular nature, the form of architectural theory is different as compared with other disciplines. Despite being influential, architectural theories have rarely been formulated in an adequate theoretical format in the past—they are more theory talk than theory proper. Only recently have architectural theoreticians have tried to develop an architectural theory with an epistemological approach rather than the former ontological treatment. Notwithstanding their immediate explicit differences, these recent theories implicitly share some key principles. A review of these theories demonstrates that they all employ two types of normative and positive theorems. These theorems dynamically interact with, support each other, and form the final format of the architectural theory in question. Validity assessment of an architectural theory thus includes an assessment of its positive and normative aspects A review of architectural history demonstrates willingness on part of architects to theorize. Nevertheless, due to its particular nature, the form of architectural theory is different as compared with other disciplines. Despite being influential, architectural theories have rarely been formulated in an adequate theoretical format in the past—they are more theory talk than theory proper. Only recently have architectural theoreticians have tried to develop an architectural theory with an epistemological approach rather than the former ontological treatment. Notwithstanding their immediate explicit differences, these recent theories implicitly share some key principles. A review of these theories demonstrates that they all employ two types of normative and positive theorems. These theorems dynamically interact with, support each other, and form the final format of the architectural theory in question. Validity assessment of an architectural theory thus includes an assessment of its positive and normative aspects https://soffeh.sbu.ac.ir/article_100239_b0a69df9c19084fe91b3c339d5df1581.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Soffeh 1683-870X 24 3 2014 11 22 Verbal Description and Architectural Education Verbal Description and Architectural Education 17 30 100237 FA Azadeh Khaki Ghasr Assistant Professor, School of art and Architecture, Yazd University Hosein Poormahdi Ghaemmaghami Assistant Professor, School of art and Architecture, Yazd University Journal Article 2015 09 16 In most architectural schools, the primary emphasis is on pictorial descriptions. As an expression of the quintessential features of architecture, verbal descriptions can play a central key role in architectural education, however. Verbal descriptions of a place are usually a synthesis of horizontal and/or vertical descriptions. Horizontal descriptions refer to features such as edges, centers, circulation, articulation, etc. Vertical descriptions refer to orientation, threshold, stance and the like. This paper assumes that there is a close correlation between verbal and nonverbal descriptions as well as practical skills. This hypothesis opens promising areas for architectural education. In most architectural schools, the primary emphasis is on pictorial descriptions. As an expression of the quintessential features of architecture, verbal descriptions can play a central key role in architectural education, however. Verbal descriptions of a place are usually a synthesis of horizontal and/or vertical descriptions. Horizontal descriptions refer to features such as edges, centers, circulation, articulation, etc. Vertical descriptions refer to orientation, threshold, stance and the like. This paper assumes that there is a close correlation between verbal and nonverbal descriptions as well as practical skills. This hypothesis opens promising areas for architectural education. https://soffeh.sbu.ac.ir/article_100237_5890669a013fa3d9221f7f504ee278b7.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Soffeh 1683-870X 24 3 2014 11 22 Subterranean Thermal Mass in Environmental Control A Field Study in Historic Houses, Kashan Subterranean Thermal Mass in Environmental Control A Field Study in Historic Houses, Kashan 31 56 100238 FA Mansoureh Tahbaz Associate Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University 0000-0003-3765-8407 Shahrbanoo Jalilian Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University Fatemeh Moosavi Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University Journal Article 2015 09 16 This paper examines the environmental conditions of basements in the hot arid city of Kashan. To this end, basements of traditional houses were chosen with depths ranging from 3 to 14 meters. Environmental data measured for these houses was then compared with the baseline data measured for the roof. A comparison was then made with thermal comfort conditions using Givoni Diagram. The results indicate that while the outdoor summer temperatures vary between 27º to 43ºCelsius, the average indoor temperature of the basement is always in the comfort range of 23º to 29º. The temperature fluctuations decrease with the depth of the basement. In deeper basements with little infiltration, the fluctuations are as small as only 1º. Connecting the wind-catcher shafts to the basement is a clever solution to balance humidity and temperature for further human comfort. This paper examines the environmental conditions of basements in the hot arid city of Kashan. To this end, basements of traditional houses were chosen with depths ranging from 3 to 14 meters. Environmental data measured for these houses was then compared with the baseline data measured for the roof. A comparison was then made with thermal comfort conditions using Givoni Diagram. The results indicate that while the outdoor summer temperatures vary between 27º to 43ºCelsius, the average indoor temperature of the basement is always in the comfort range of 23º to 29º. The temperature fluctuations decrease with the depth of the basement. In deeper basements with little infiltration, the fluctuations are as small as only 1º. Connecting the wind-catcher shafts to the basement is a clever solution to balance humidity and temperature for further human comfort. https://soffeh.sbu.ac.ir/article_100238_201dbce1292daa28152d42b549d678a5.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Soffeh 1683-870X 24 3 2014 11 22 Project Portfolio Selection The case of the Iranian Building Investment Holding Project Portfolio Selection The case of the Iranian Building Investment Holding 57 74 100240 FA Mojtaba Hoseinalipour Assistant Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University Saleh Mohammadi Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University Journal Article 2015 09 16 In most project driven organizations, portfolio management is integrated with project management to select projects in accordance with the strategies of the organization and its product innovation. This research initially refines the standard selection criteria through interviews with organization mangers and experts of the Iranian Building Investment Holding. These refined criteria were further prioritized based on field questionnaires and used as the basis for selecting the project portfolio in this Holding. The results indicate that the selected project portfolio was not always in line with organization strategies. The main reasons for this discrepancy include diversified holding activities, unmonitored expansion of the portfolio, and ad hoc decision making in response to the volatile economic environment. In most project driven organizations, portfolio management is integrated with project management to select projects in accordance with the strategies of the organization and its product innovation. This research initially refines the standard selection criteria through interviews with organization mangers and experts of the Iranian Building Investment Holding. These refined criteria were further prioritized based on field questionnaires and used as the basis for selecting the project portfolio in this Holding. The results indicate that the selected project portfolio was not always in line with organization strategies. The main reasons for this discrepancy include diversified holding activities, unmonitored expansion of the portfolio, and ad hoc decision making in response to the volatile economic environment. https://soffeh.sbu.ac.ir/article_100240_d38891a6160aab1842cd95de08dc451e.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Soffeh 1683-870X 24 3 2014 11 22 Identity and Public Space The Case of Young Female Identity and Public Space The Case of Young Female 75 94 100241 FA Shamin Golrokh Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University Journal Article 2015 09 16 ‘Place Identity’ refers to those aspects of personal identity, which form through experiencing places. This paper presents a transcendental phenomenology approach to the identity of place. Eight young women aged 23~35, were interviewed about their place attachment to two key shopping centers in Tehran: Vanak Square and Valiasr Crossroad. Four interviewees talked about Vanak Square, while four other interviewees described Valiasr Crossroad. They described these two places and explained why they were fond of frequenting them. Their responses were coded and their content was analyzed. Accordingly, some key ‘themes’ and subthemes were discovered, which describe five key dimensions of personal identity and public space. The main themes include: individual, social, thematic, conversational and exotic. ‘Place Identity’ refers to those aspects of personal identity, which form through experiencing places. This paper presents a transcendental phenomenology approach to the identity of place. Eight young women aged 23~35, were interviewed about their place attachment to two key shopping centers in Tehran: Vanak Square and Valiasr Crossroad. Four interviewees talked about Vanak Square, while four other interviewees described Valiasr Crossroad. They described these two places and explained why they were fond of frequenting them. Their responses were coded and their content was analyzed. Accordingly, some key ‘themes’ and subthemes were discovered, which describe five key dimensions of personal identity and public space. The main themes include: individual, social, thematic, conversational and exotic. https://soffeh.sbu.ac.ir/article_100241_bdc54139fa7cf8a23477e1a57e479ebd.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Soffeh 1683-870X 24 3 2014 11 22 Urban Parks Popularity A Framework for Tehran Metropolis Urban Parks Popularity A Framework for Tehran Metropolis 95 126 100242 FA Zohreh Abdi Daneshpour Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University Asrin Mahmoudpour PhD Candidate, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University Journal Article 2015 09 16 As important public urban spaces, parks can play a key role in addressing urbanization tensions, in particular nature-deficit disorders. This paper initially surveys theories regarding public urban spaces to determine factors affecting their popularity. On this basis, a knowledge-based framework comprised of criteria and measures is developed for assessing the popularity and use of parks. This framework is then applied to major public parks in Tehran metropolitan area. It is hypothesized that employing this framework will contribute to a holistic urban knowledge including both explicit knowledge and tacit knowing. Factors affecting popularity and use of public parks are hence categorized as: (i) users’ socioeconomic and behavioral characteristics; (ii) the qualitative and quantitative aspects of parks in response to the user needs; (iii) management and design aspects of parks; and (iv) changes in function and use. As important public urban spaces, parks can play a key role in addressing urbanization tensions, in particular nature-deficit disorders. This paper initially surveys theories regarding public urban spaces to determine factors affecting their popularity. On this basis, a knowledge-based framework comprised of criteria and measures is developed for assessing the popularity and use of parks. This framework is then applied to major public parks in Tehran metropolitan area. It is hypothesized that employing this framework will contribute to a holistic urban knowledge including both explicit knowledge and tacit knowing. Factors affecting popularity and use of public parks are hence categorized as: (i) users’ socioeconomic and behavioral characteristics; (ii) the qualitative and quantitative aspects of parks in response to the user needs; (iii) management and design aspects of parks; and (iv) changes in function and use. https://soffeh.sbu.ac.ir/article_100242_24a300ac71124eac458c7b22a8903fc2.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Soffeh 1683-870X 24 3 2014 11 22 The Persian Garden and the Study of Islamic Gardens The Persian Garden and the Study of Islamic Gardens 127 149 100236 FA Reza Abouei Assistant Professor, Faculty of Conservation, Art University of Isfahan Hamireza Jayhani Faculty of Conservation, Art University of Isfahan Journal Article 2015 09 16 Islamic Gardens have been the subject of recurrent and voluminous studies since 1970s. A prevailing assumption in most such studies is that Islamic societies are more or less the same. Differences in climate, geography and cultures are therefore not taken into account. Furthermore, these studies refer to pre-Islamic Persian gardens as an archetype with which they compare with their findings. Differences between garden design in east and west of the Persian Empire are not considered, either. Persian garden terms such as ‘paradise’ are also evasively used. This paper presents a critical review of current studies and through a review of gardens of east and west of Iran, tries to clarify the place of the Persian Garden in formation of Islamic Gardens. On this basis, the origins of diversity in Islamic garden design are also explained. Islamic Gardens have been the subject of recurrent and voluminous studies since 1970s. A prevailing assumption in most such studies is that Islamic societies are more or less the same. Differences in climate, geography and cultures are therefore not taken into account. Furthermore, these studies refer to pre-Islamic Persian gardens as an archetype with which they compare with their findings. Differences between garden design in east and west of the Persian Empire are not considered, either. Persian garden terms such as ‘paradise’ are also evasively used. This paper presents a critical review of current studies and through a review of gardens of east and west of Iran, tries to clarify the place of the Persian Garden in formation of Islamic Gardens. On this basis, the origins of diversity in Islamic garden design are also explained. https://soffeh.sbu.ac.ir/article_100236_b78a4089daf1e1fa3e9dcefbf0481543.pdf